Psychology - Medical Course Subject
Prologue What Is Psychology
1. Prologue: What Is Psychology?
2. Psychology�s Diverse Methods and Perspectives
3. The Neural Basis of Emotional Memory
4. The Evolutionary Basis for Emotional Remembering
5. Cognitive Influences on Emotional Memory
6. Social Influences on Emotional Memory
7. The Cultural Setting of Emotional Memory
8. A Developmental Perspective on Emotional Memory
9. Disorders of Emotional Memory
10. What Unites Psychology?
Research Methods
1. Psychology: Research Methods
2. Psychology: Making Observations
3. Making Observations: Defining the Question
4. Making Observations: Systematically Collecting Data
5. Making Observations: Defining the Sample
6. Making Observations: Assessing External Validity
7. Making Observations: Monitoring Demand Characteristics
8. Psychology: Working With Data
9. Working With Data: Descriptive Statistics
10. Working With Data: Inferential Statistics
11. Psychology: Observational Studies
12. Establishing Cause and Effect: the Power of Experiments
13. Experimental Groups versus Control Groups
14. Random Assignment
15. Within-Subject Comparisons
16. Internal Validity
17. Beyond the Single Experiment
18. Research Ethics
19. The Power of Science
20. Some Final Thoughts: Methodological Eclecticism
The Genetic and Evolutionary Roots of Behavior
1. The Genetic and Evolutionary Roots of Behavior
2. Genetics and DNA
3. Evolution by Natural Selection
4. The Principles of Natural Selection
5. Genes and Evolution
6. Evidence for Evolution by Natural Selection
7. The Unity of Life
8. The Genetics and Evolution of Behavior
9. The Biological Roots of Smiling
10. The Genetics of Intelligence
11. The Evolution of Mating Patterns
The Brain and the Nervous System
1. The Brain and the Nervous System
2. The Organism as a Machine
3. Building Blocks of the Nervous System
4. Communication among Neurons
5. Activity and Communication within the Neuron
6. Explaining the Action Potential
7. Propagation of the Action Potential
8. All-or-None Law - Communication among Neurons
9. The Synapse - Communication among Neurons
10. The Synaptic Mechanism
11. Neurotransmitters
12. Drugs and Neurotransmitters
13. Communication through the Bloodstream
14. Methods for Studying the Nervous System
15. Methods for Studying the Nervous System: Recording from Individual Neurons
16. Methods for Studying the Nervous System: Studying the Effects of Brain Damage
17. Methods for Studying the Nervous System: Recording from the Whole Brain
18. The Power of Combining Techniques
19. The Architecture of the Nervous System
20. The Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems
21. The Anatomy of the Brain
22. Lateralization
23. The Cerebral Cortex
24. The Cerebral Cortex: Projection Areas
25. Cerebral Cortex: Association Areas
26. The Results of Cortical Damage
27. Plasticity
28. Plasticity: Changes in Neuronal Connections
29. Plasticity: Cortical Reorganization
30. Plasticity: New Neurons
31. Plasticity: Repairing Damage to the Nervous System
Sensation
1. Psychology: Sensation
2. The Origins of Knowledge
3. Psychophysics
4. Psychophysics: Sensory Thresholds
5. Psychophysics: Detection and Decision
6. A Survey of the Senses
7. A Survey of the Senses: Sensory Coding
8. A Survey of the Senses: Sensory Adaptation
9. A Survey of the Senses: The Vestibular Sense
10. A Survey of the Senses: The Skin Senses
11. A Survey of the Senses: Pain
12. A Survey of the Senses: Smell
13. A Survey of the Senses: Taste
14. Hearing
15. The Stimulus: Sound
16. From Sound Waves to Hearing
17. Vision
18. The Stimulus: Light
19. Gathering the Stimulus: The Eye
20. The Visual Receptors
21. Vision Contrast Effects
22. Vision Color
23. The Neural Basis of Color Vision
24. Vision Perceiving Shapes
Perception
1. Psychology: Perception
2. Form Perception: What Is It?: The Importance of Features
3. Form Perception: What Is It?: The Importance of Organization
4. Network Models of Perception
5. The Neuroscience of Vision
6. Perceptual Constancy
7. Distance Perception: Where Is It?
8. Motion Perception: What Is It Doing?
9. Perceptual Selection: Attention
10. Perception: Other Modalities
Consciousness
1. Consciousness
2. Introspection and the Functions of Consciousness
3. Consciousness: Translating Thoughts into Words
4. Consciousness: The Cognitive Unconscious
5. Consciousness: Brain Damage and Unconscious Functioning
6. Consciousness: Unconscious Attributions
7. Consciousness: Mistaken Introspections
8. The Function of Consciousness
9. Neural Basis for Consciousness
10. Neural Basis for Consciousness: The Mind-Body Problem
11. The Many Brain Areas Needed for Consciousness
12. Neural Correlates of Consciousness
13. The Global Workspace Hypothesis
14. Varieties of Consciousness
15. Consciousness: Sleep
16. Consciousness: Sleep and Wake Cycles
17. Consciousness: The Need For Sleep
18. Consciousness: The Function of Sleep
19. Consciousness: Dreams
20. Why Do We Dream ?
21. Sleep, Dreams, and Consciousness
22. Consciousness: Hypnosis
23. Consciousness: Religious States(Meditation)
24. Drug-Induced Changes in Consciousness
25. Drug-Induced Changes in Consciousness: Depressants
26. Drug-Induced Changes in Consciousness: Stimulants
27. Drug-Induced Changes in Consciousness: Marijuana
28. Drug-Induced Changes in Consciousness: Hallucinogens
29. Drug-Induced Changes in Consciousness: Addiction
Learning
1. Psychology: Learning
2. The Perspective of Learning Theory
3. Habituation
4. Classical Conditioning
5. Classical Conditioning: Pavlov and the Conditioned Response
6. The Major Phenomena of Classical Conditioning
7. Classical Conditioning: Acquisition of Conditioned Responses
8. Classical Conditioning: Extinction
9. Classical Conditioning: Generalization
10. Classical Conditioning: Discrimination
11. Classical Conditioning: The CS as a �Signal�
12. Classical Conditioning: Contingency
13. Classical Conditioning: The Absence of Contingency
14. Classical Conditioning: Role of Surprise
15. Classical Conditioning: The Relationship between the CR and the UR
16. Instrumental Conditioning
17. Instrumental Conditioning: Thorndike and the Law of Effect
18. Instrumental Conditioning: Skinner and Operant Behavior
19. Instrumental Conditioning: The Major Phenomena of Instrumental Conditioning
20. Instrumental Conditioning: Changing Behaviors or Acquiring Knowledge?
21. Observational Learning
22. Varieties of Learning
23. Biological Influences on Learning: Belongingness
24. Different Types of Learning
25. Similarities in How Different Species Learn
26. The Neural Basis for Learning
Memory
1. Psychology: Memory
2. Acquisition, Storage, Retrieval
3. Acquisition
4. Acquisition: Working Memory, Long-Term Memory
5. Acquisition: Establishing Long-Term Memories
6. Psychology: Storage
7. Psychology: Retrieval
8. Psychology: Memory Gaps, Memory Errors
9. Memory Gaps, Memory Errors: Forgetting
10. Psychology: Memory Intrusions
11. Psychology: Memory: An Overall Assessment
12. Psychology: Varieties of Memory
13. Psychology: Episodic and Semantic Memory
14. Psychology: Possible Subdivisions of Episodic Memory
15. Psychology: Explicit and Implicit Memory
Thinking
1. Psychology: Thinking
2. Mental Representations
3. Judgment: Drawing Conclusions from Experience
4. Judgment: The Availability Heuristic
5. Judgment: The Representativeness Heuristic
6. Judgment: Thinking Dual-Process Theories
7. Reasoning: Drawing Implications from Our Beliefs
8. Reasoning: Confirmation Bias
9. Reasoning: Faulty Logic
10. Reasoning: Triggers for Good Reasoning
11. Reasoning: Judgment and Reasoning: An Overview
12. Decision Making: Choosing Among Options
13. Decision Making: Framing Effects
14. Decision Making: Affective Forecasting
15. Decision Making: Too Many Options
16. Decision Making: Reason-Based Choice
17. Decision Making: An Overview
18. Problem Solving: Finding a Path Toward a Goal
19. Problem Solving: The Role of the Goal State
20. Problem Solving: Hierarchical Organization
21. Problem Solving: Automaticity
22. Problem Solving: Obstacles to Problem Solving
23. Problem Solving: Overcoming Obstacles to Solutions
24. Problem Solving: Restructuring
25. Problem Solving: Creative Thinking
26. Problem Solving: Experts
Language
1. Psychology: Language
2. Building Blocks of Language
3. Building Blocks of Language: The Sound Units
4. Building Blocks of Language: Morphemes and Words
5. Building Blocks of Language: Phrases and Sentences
6. How Language Conveys Meaning
7. Psychology Language: Meanings of Words
8. Psychology Language: The Meanings of Sentences
9. Psychology Language: How We Understand
10. How We Learn a Language
11. The Social Origins of Language Learning
12. Discovering the Building Blocks of Language
13. The Growth of Word Meaning
14. The Progression to Adult Language
15. Language Learning in Changed Environments
16. Wild Children
17. Isolated Children
18. Language without Sound
19. Language without a Model
20. Children Deprived of Access to Some of the Meanings
21. Children Exposed to More Than One Language: The Case of Bilingualism
22. Language Learning with Changed Endowments
23. The Sensitive Period Hypothesis
24. Language in Nonhumans
25. Language and Thought
26. How Language Connects to Thought
27. Do People Who Talk Differently Come to Understand the World Differently?
28. How Can We Study Language and Thought?
Intelligence
1. Intelligence
2. Intelligence Testing
3. What Is Intelligence? The Psychometric Approach
4. The Logic of Psychometrics
5. Factor Analysis and the Idea of General Intelligence
6. A Hierarchical Model of Intelligence
7. Intelligence: Fluid and Crystallized G
8. The Building Blocks of Intelligence
9. Intelligence Beyond the IQ Test
10. The Roots of Intelligence
11. The Roots of Intelligence: The Politics of IQ Testing
12. The Roots of Intelligence: The Problems with �Nature vs. Nurture�
13. The Roots of Intelligence: Genetics and Individual IQ
14. The Roots of Intelligence: Environment and Individual IQ
15. The Roots of Intelligence: Heritability Ratios
16. The Roots of Intelligence: Group Differences in IQ
17. Group Differences in IQ: Between - Group and Within � Group Differences
18. Group Differences in IQ: Comparisons Between Men And Women
19. Group Differences in IQ: Stereo Type Threat
Motivation and Emotion
1. Motivation and Emotion
2. Motivational States
3. Thermoregulation
4. Hunger, Eating, and Obesity
5. Physiological Aspects of Hunger and Eating
6. Cultural and Cognitive Aspects of Hunger and Eating
7. Obesity
8. Threat and Aggression
9. Physiological Aspects of Threat and Aggression
10. Cultural and Cognitive Aspects of Threat and Aggression
11. Sexual Behavior
12. Physiological Aspects of Sexuality
13. Cultural and Cognitive Aspects of Sexuality
14. Sexual Orientation
15. Motives Beyond Drives
16. The Diversity of Motives
17. Emotion and Emotion Regulation
18. The Many Facets of Emotion
19. The Functions of Emotion
20. Emotion Regulation
Social Psychology
1. Social Psychology
2. Social Cognition
3. Social Cognition: Attribution
4. Social Cognition: Person Perception
5. Social Cognition: Attitudes
6. Social Influence
7. Social Influence: Conformity
8. Social Influence: Obedience
9. Social Influence: Compliance
10. Social Influence: Group Dynamics
11. Social Relations
12. Social Relations: Helping and Altruism
13. Social Relations: Attraction
14. Social Relations: Love
Development
1. Psychology: Development
2. Prenatal Development
3. Infancy and Childhood
4. Physical and Sensorimotor Development in Infancy and Childhood
5. Cognitive Development in Infancy and Childhood
6. Piaget �S Stage Theory
7. Beyond Piaget
8. Early Conceptions of the Physical World
9. Number and Mathematical Reasoning
10. Social Cognition and Theory of Mind
11. Socioemotional Development in Infancy and Childhood
12. The Earliest Interactions - Socioemotional Development in Infancy and Childhood
13. Attachment - Socioemotional Development in Infancy and Childhood
14. Differences in Attachment - Socioemotional Development in Infancy and Childhood
15. The Role of Temperament - Socioemotional Development in Infancy and Childhood
16. The Role of Culture - Socioemotional Development in Infancy and Childhood
17. The Role of Parenting Styles - Socioemotional Development in Infancy and Childhood
18. The Impact of Child Care - Socioemotional Development in Infancy and Childhood
19. The Effects of Domestic Conflict and Divorce - Socioemotional Development in Infancy and Childhood
20. What Happens When there is No Attachment ? - Socioemotional Development in Infancy and Childhood
21. Peer Relationships - Socioemotional Development in Infancy and Childhood
22. Development of Moral Thinking - Socioemotional Development in Infancy and Childhood
23. Conscience and Moral Feeling - Socioemotional Development in Infancy and Childhood
24. Adolescence
25. Physical Development in Adolescence
26. Cognitive Development in Adolescence
27. Socioemotional Development in Adolescence
28. Adulthood and Older Age
29. Physical and Sensorimotor Changes in Adulthood
30. Cognitive Changes in Adulthood
31. Socioemotional Development in Adulthood
Personality
1. Personality
2. The Trait Approach: Defining Our Differences
3. The Trait Approach: The Big Five
4. The Trait Approach: The Consistency Controversy
5. The Trait Approach: Traits and Biology
6. The Trait Approach: Traits and the Environment
7. The Trait Approach: Contributions of the Trait Approach
8. Psychodynamic Approach: Probing the Depths
9. Psychodynamic Approach: Psychoanalysis: Theory and Practice
10. Psychodynamic Approach: Psychological Defenses and Development
11. Psychodynamic Approach: The Empirical Basis of Freud�s Claims
12. Psychodynamic Approach: Psychodynamic Formulations after Freud
13. Psychodynamic Approach: Contributions of the Psychodynamic Approach
14. The Humanistic Approach: Appreciating Our Potential
15. The Humanistic Approach: Phenomenology and Self-actualization
16. The Humanistic Approach: The Self
17. The Humanistic Approach: Positive Psychology
18. Contributions of the Humanistic Approach
19. The Social-Cognitive Approach: The Power of Beliefs
20. Origins of the Social-Cognitive Approach
21. Key Social-Cognitive Concepts
22. Contributions of the Social-Cognitive Approach
Psychopathology
1. Psychopathology
2. Conceptions of Mental Disorders
3. Defining Mental Disorders
4. Assessing Mental Disorders
5. Psychopathology: Making Diagnoses Using the DSM
6. Psychopathology: The Costs and Benefits of Labeling
7. Anxiety Disorders
8. Anxiety Disorders: Phobias
9. Anxiety Disorders: Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia
10. Generalized Anxiety Disorder
11. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
12. Stress Disorders
13. Roots of the Anxiety Disorders
14. Mood Disorders
15. Mood Disorders: Depression
16. Mood Disorders: Bipolar Disorder
17. The Roots of Mood Disorders
18. Schizophrenia
19. Schizophrenia: Signs and Symptoms
20. The Roots of Schizophrenia
21. Developmental Disorders
22. Eating Disorders
23. Dissociative Disorders
24. Personality Disorders
Treatment of Mental Disorders
1. Treatment of Mental Disorders
2. Treatments Past and Present
3. Early Treatments for Mental Disorders
4. Current Treatments for Mental Disorders
5. Psychological Treatments
6. Psychological Treatments: Psychodynamic Approaches
7. Psychological Treatments: Humanistic Approaches
8. Psychological Treatments: Behavioral Approaches
9. Psychological Treatments: Cognitive-Behavioral Approaches
10. Psychological Treatments: Integrated Treatments and Eclecticism
11. Psychological Treatments: Beyond One-on-One Therapy
12. Biomedical Treatment of Mental Disorders
13. Pharmacological Treatments of Mental Disorders
14. Nonpharmacological Treatments of Mental Disorders
15. Common Factors and Combined Treatments of Mental Disorders
16. The Importance of Empirically Supported Treatments of Mental Disorders
17. Logic of Outcome Research - Evaluating Treatment of Mental Disorders
18. Evaluating Psychological vs. Biomedical Treatments of Mental Disorders
19. Efficacy vs. Utility - Treatments of Mental Disorders
20. Meta-Analyses of Therapy Outcome - Treatment of Mental Disorders
21. Does One Size Fit All? - Treatment of Mental Disorders
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