Biochemistry - Pharmacy Department
PROTEIN STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
Chapter 1: Amino Acids
1. Overview of Amino Acids
2. Structure of Amino Acids
3. Acidic and Basic Properties of Amino Acids
4. Concept Maps - Amino Acids
5. Study Questions and Answers, Chapter Summary - Amino Acids
Chapter 2: Structure of Proteins
1. Overview - Structure of Proteins | Biochemistry
2. Primary Structure of Proteins - Biochemistry
3. Secondary Structure of Proteins - Biochemistry
4. Tertiary Structure of Globular Proteins - Structure of Proteins | Biochemistry
5. Quaternary Structure of Proteins
6. Protein Misfolding - Structure of Proteins | Biochemistry
7. Chapter Summary, Study Questions - Structure of Proteins | Biochemistry
Chapter 3: Globular Proteins
1. Overview of Globular Proteins - Globular Proteins | Biochemistry
2. Globular Hemeproteins - Globular Proteins | Biochemistry
3. Organization of the Globin Genes - Globular Proteins | Biochemistry
4. Hemoglobinopathies - Globular Proteins | Biochemistry
5. Chapter Summary, Study Questions - Globular Proteins | Biochemistry
Chapter 4: Fibrous Proteins
1. Overview of Fibrous Proteins - Fibrous Proteins | Biochemistry
2. Collagen - Fibrous Proteins | Biochemistry
3. Elastin - Fibrous Proteins | Biochemistry
4. Chapter Summary, Study Questions - Fibrous Proteins | Biochemistry
Chapter 5: Enzymes
1. Overview of Enzymes - Biochemistry
2. Nomenclature - Enzymes | Biochemistry
3. Properties of Enzymes - Biochemistry
4. How Enzymes Work - Biochemistry
5. Factors Affecting Reaction Velocity - Enzymes | Biochemistry
6. Michaelis-Menten Kinetics - Enzymes | Biochemistry
7. Inhibition of Enzyme Activity - Biochemistry
8. Regulation of Enzyme Activity - Biochemistry
9. Enzymes in Clinical Diagnosis - Biochemistry
10. Chapter Summary, Study Questions - Enzymes | Biochemistry
BIOENERGETICS AND CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM
Chapter 6: Bioenergetics and Oxidative Phosphorylation
1. Overview of Bioenergetics and Oxidative Phosphorylation - Biochemistry
2. Free Energy - Bioenergetics and Oxidative Phosphorylation | Biochemistry
3. Free Energy Change - Bioenergetics and Oxidative Phosphorylation | Biochemistry
4. Adenosine Triphosphate as an Energy Carrier - Bioenergetics and Oxidative Phosphorylation | Biochemistry
5. Electron Transport Chain - Bioenergetics and Oxidative Phosphorylation | Biochemistry
6. Phosphorylation of ADP to ATP - Bioenergetics and Oxidative Phosphorylation | Biochemistry
7. Chapter Summary, Study Questions - Bioenergetics and Oxidative Phosphorylation | Biochemistry
Chapter 7: Introduction to Carbohydrates
1. Overview of Carbohydrates - Biochemistry
2. Classification and Structure of Carbohydrates - Biochemistry
3. Digestion of Dietary Carbohydrates - Biochemistry
4. Chapter Summary, Study Question - Introduction to Carbohydrates | Biochemistry
Chapter 8: Introduction to Metabolism and Glycolysis
1. Introduction to Metabolism - Biochemistry
2. Regulation of Metabolism - Biochemistry
3. Overview of Glycolysis - Biochemistry
4. Transport of Glucose into Cells - Biochemistry
5. Reactions of Glycolysis - Biochemistry
6. Hormonal Regulation of Glycolysis - Biochemistry
7. Alternate Fates of Pyruvate - Biochemistry
8. Chapter Summary, Study Questions - Introduction to Metabolism and Glycolysis | Biochemistry
Chapter 9: Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle and Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex
1. Overview of Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle and Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex - Biochemistry
2. Reactions of the Cycle - Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle and Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex | Biochemistry
3. Energy Produced by the Cycle - Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle and Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex | Biochemistry
4. Regulation of the Cycle - Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle and Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex | Biochemistry
5. Chapter Summary, Study Questions - Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle and Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex | Biochemistry
Chapter 10: Gluconeogenesis
1. Overview of Gluconeogenesis - Biochemistry
2. Substrates for Gluconeogenesis - Biochemistry
3. Reactions Unique to Gluconeogenesis - Biochemistry
4. Regulation of Gluconeogenesis - Biochemistry
5. Chapter Summary, Study Questions - Gluconeogenesis - Biochemistry
Chapter 11: Glycogen Metabolism
1. Overview of Glycogen Metabolism - Biochemistry
2. Structure and Function of Glycogen - Biochemistry
3. Synthesis of Glycogen (Glycogenesis) - Biochemistry
4. Degradation of Glycogen (Glycogenolysis) - Biochemistry
5. Regulation of Glycogenesis and Glycogenolysis - Biochemistry
6. Glycogen Storage Diseases - Biochemistry
7. Chapter Summary, Questions Answers - Glycogen Metabolism - Biochemistry
Chapter 12: Metabolism of Monosaccharides and Disaccharides
1. Metabolism of Monosaccharides and Disaccharides - Biochemistry
2. Fructose Metabolism - Biochemistry
3. Galactose Metabolism - Biochemistry
4. Lactose Synthesis - Biochemistry
5. Chapter Summary, Questions Answers - Metabolism of Monosaccharides and Disaccharides - Biochemistry
Chapter 13: Pentose Phosphate Pathway and Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate
1. Pentose Phosphate Pathway and Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate - Biochemistry
2. Irreversible Oxidative Reactions - Biochemistry
3. Reversible Nonoxidative Reactions - Biochemistry
4. Uses of NADPH - Biochemistry
5. Glucose 6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency - Biochemistry
6. Chapter Summary, Questions Answers - Pentose Phosphate Pathway and Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate - Biochemistry
Chapter 14: Glycosaminoglycans, Proteoglycans, and Glycoproteins
1. Overview of Glycosaminoglycans - Biochemistry
2. Structure of Glycosaminoglycans - Biochemistry
3. Synthesis of Glycosaminoglycans - Biochemistry
4. Degradation of Glycosaminoglycans - Biochemistry
5. Mucopolysaccharidoses - Biochemistry
6. Overview of Glycoproteins - Biochemistry
7. Oligosaccharide Structure - Biochemistry
8. Synthesis of Glycoproteins - Biochemistry
9. Lysosomal Degradation of Glycoproteins - Biochemistry
10. Chapter Summary, Questions Answers - Glycosaminoglycans, Proteoglycans, and Glycoproteins - Biochemistry
LIPID METABOLISM
Chapter 15: Dietary Lipid Metabolism
1. Overview of Dietary Lipid Metabolism - Biochemistry
2. Digestion, Absorption, Secretion, and Utilization of Dietary Lipids - Biochemistry
3. Chapter Summary, Questions Answers - Dietary Lipid Metabolism - Biochemistry
Chapter 16: Fatty Acid, Ketone Body, and Triacylglycerol Metabolism
1. Fatty Acid, Ketone Body, and Triacylglycerol Metabolism - Biochemistry
2. Structure of Fatty Acids - Biochemistry
3. De Novo Synthesis of Fatty Acids - Biochemistry
4. Mobilization of Stored Fats and Oxidation of Fatty Acids - Biochemistry
5. Ketone Bodies: An Alternate Fuel For Cells - Biochemistry
6. Chapter Summary, Questions Answers - Fatty Acid, Ketone Body, and Triacylglycerol Metabolism - Biochemistry
Chapter 17: Phospholipid, Glycosphingolipid, and Eicosanoid Metabolism
1. Overview of Phospholipids - Biochemistry
2. Structure of Phospholipids - Biochemistry
3. Phospholipid Synthesis - Biochemistry
4. Degradation of Phospholipids - Biochemistry
5. Overview of Glycolipids - Biochemistry
6. Structure of Glycosphingolipids - Biochemistry
7. Synthesis and Degradation of Glycosphingolipids - Biochemistry
8. Eicosanoids: Prostaglandins and Related Compounds - Biochemistry
9. Chapter Summary, Questions Answers - Phospholipid, Glycosphingolipid, and Eicosanoid Metabolism - Biochemistry
Chapter 18: Cholesterol, Lipoprotein, and Steroid Metabolism
1. Overview for Cholesterol - Biochemistry
2. Structure of Cholesterol - Biochemistry
3. Synthesis of Cholesterol - Biochemistry
4. Degradation of Cholesterol - Biochemistry
5. Bile Acids and Bile Salts - Biochemistry
6. Plasma Lipoproteins - Biochemistry
7. Steroid Hormones - Biochemistry
8. Chapter Summary, Questions Answers - Cholesterol, Lipoprotein, and Steroid Metabolism - Biochemistry
NITROGEN METABOLISM
Chapter 19: Amino Acids: Disposal of Nitrogen
1. Overview of Amino Acids - Biochemistry
2. Overall Nitrogen Metabolism - Amino Acids: Disposal of Nitrogen | Biochemistry
3. Digestion of Dietary Proteins - Amino Acids: Disposal of Nitrogen | Biochemistry
4. Transport of Amino Acids Into Cells - Amino Acids: Disposal of Nitrogen | Biochemistry
5. Removal of Nitrogen From Amino Acids - Amino Acids: Disposal of Nitrogen | Biochemistry
6. Urea Cycle - Amino Acids: Disposal of Nitrogen | Biochemistry
7. Metabolism of Ammonia - Amino Acids: Disposal of Nitrogen | Biochemistry
8. Chapter Summary, Questions Answers - Amino Acids: Disposal of Nitrogen - Amino Acids: Disposal of Nitrogen | Biochemistry
Chapter 20: Amino Acid Degradation and Synthesis
1. Amino Acid Degradation and Synthesis - Biochemistry
2. Glucogenic and Ketogenic Amino Acids - Biochemistry
3. Catabolism of the Carbon Skeletons of Amino Acids - Biochemistry
4. Folic acid and Amino acid Metabolism - Biochemistry
5. Biosynthesis of Nonessential Amino Acids - Biochemistry
6. Metabolic Defects in Amino Acid Metabolism - Biochemistry
7. Chapter Summary, Questions Answers - Amino Acid Degradation and Synthesis - Biochemistry
Chapter 21: Conversion of Amino Acids to Specialized Products
1. Conversion of Amino Acids to Specialized Products - Biochemistry
2. Porphyrin Metabolism - Biochemistry
3. Other Nitrogen-Containing Compounds - Biochemistry
4. Chapter Summary, Questions Answers - Conversion of Amino Acids to Specialized Products - Biochemistry
Chapter 22: Nucleotide Metabolism
1. Overview of Nucleotide Metabolism - Biochemistry
2. Nucleotide Structure - Biochemistry
3. Synthesis of Purine Nucleotides - Biochemistry
4. Synthesis of Deoxyribonucleotides - Biochemistry
5. Degradation of Purine Nucleotides - Biochemistry
6. Pyrimidine Synthesis and Degradation - Biochemistry
7. Chapter Summary, Questions Answers - Nucleotide Metabolism - Biochemistry
INTEGRATION OF METABOLISM
Chapter 23: Metabolic Effects of Insulin and Glucagon
1. Metabolic Effects of Insulin and Glucagon - Biochemistry
2. Insulin - Biochemistry
3. Glucagon - Biochemistry
4. Hypoglycemia - Biochemistry
5. Chapter Summary, Questions Answers - Metabolic Effects of Insulin and Glucagon - Biochemistry
Chapter 24: The Feed-Fast Cycle
1. Overview of the Absorptive State - The Feed-Fast Cycle | Biochemistry
2. Enzymic Changes in the Absorptive State - The Feed-Fast Cycle | Biochemistry
3. Liver: Nutrient Distribution Center - The Feed-Fast Cycle | Biochemistry
4. Adipose Tissue: Energy Storage Depot - The Feed-Fast Cycle | Biochemistry
5. Resting Skeletal Muscle - The Feed-Fast Cycle | Biochemistry
6. Brain - The Feed-Fast Cycle | Biochemistry
7. Overview of Fasting - The Feed-Fast Cycle | Biochemistry
8. Liver in Fasting - The Feed-Fast Cycle | Biochemistry
9. Adipose Tissue In Fasting - The Feed-Fast Cycle | Biochemistry
10. Resting Skeletal Muscle in Fasting - The Feed-Fast Cycle | Biochemistry
11. Brain in Fasting - The Feed-Fast Cycle | Biochemistry
12. Kidney In Long-Term Fasting - The Feed-Fast Cycle | Biochemistry
13. Chapter Summary, Questions Answers - The Feed-Fast Cycle - The Feed-Fast Cycle | Biochemistry
Chapter 25: Diabetes Mellitus
1. Overview of Diabetes Mellitus - Biochemistry
2. Type 1 Diabetes - Diabetes Mellitus | Biochemistry
3. Type 2 Diabetes - Diabetes Mellitus | Biochemistry
4. Chronic Effects and Prevention of Diabetes - Diabetes Mellitus | Biochemistry
5. Chapter Summary, Questions Answers - Diabetes Mellitus - Biochemistry
Chapter 26: Obesity
1. Overview of Obesity - Biochemistry
2. Assessment of Obesity - Biochemistry
3. Body Weight Regulation - Obesity | Biochemistry
4. Molecules that Influence Obesity - Biochemistry
5. Metabolic Changes In Obesity - Biochemistry
6. Obesity and Health - Biochemistry
7. Weight Reduction - Obesity | Biochemistry
8. Chapter Summary, Questions Answers - Obesity - Biochemistry
Chapter 27: Nutrition
1. Overview of Nutrition - Biochemistry
2. Dietary Reference Intakes - Biochemistry
3. Energy Requirement in Humans - Nutrition | Biochemistry
4. Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges - Nutrition | Biochemistry
5. Dietary Fats - Nutrition | Biochemistry
6. Dietary Carbohydrates - Nutrition | Biochemistry
7. Dietary Protein - Nutrition | Biochemistry
8. Chapter Summary, Questions Answers - Nutrition - Biochemistry
Chapter 28: Vitamins
1. Overview of Vitamins - Biochemistry
2. Folic Acid - Vitamins | Biochemistry
3. Cobalamin (Vitamin B12) - Biochemistry
4. Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C) - Biochemistry
5. Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6) - Biochemistry
6. Thiamine (Vitamin B1) - Biochemistry
7. Niacin - Vitamins | Biochemistry
8. Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) - Biochemistry
9. Biotin - Vitamins | Biochemistry
10. Pantothenic Acid - Vitamins | Biochemistry
11. Vitamin A - Biochemistry
12. Vitamin D - Biochemistry
13. Vitamin K - Biochemistry
14. Vitamin E - Biochemistry
15. Choose the one best answer - Vitamins - Biochemistry
STORAGE AND EXPRESSION OF GENETIC INFORMATION
Chapter 29: DNA Structure, Replication, and Repair
1. Overview of DNA Structure, Replication, and Repair - Biochemistry
2. Structure of DNA - Biochemistry
3. Steps in Prokaryotic DNA Synthesis - Biochemistry
4. Eukaryotic DNA Replication - Biochemistry
5. Organization of Eukaryotic DNA - Biochemistry
6. DNA Repair - Biochemistry
7. Chapter Summary, Questions Answers - DNA Structure, Replication, and Repair - Biochemistry
Chapter 30: RNA Structure, Synthesis, and Processing
1. Overview of RNA Structure, Synthesis, and Processing - Biochemistry
2. Structure of RNA - Biochemistry
3. Transcription of Prokaryotic Genes - Biochemistry
4. Transcription of Eukaryotic Genes - Biochemistry
5. Posttranscriptional Modification of RNA - Biochemistry
6. Chapter Summary, Questions Answers - RNA Structure, Synthesis, and Processing - Biochemistry
Chapter 31: Protein Synthesis
1. Overview of Protein Synthesis - Biochemistry
2. The Genetic Code - Protein Synthesis | Biochemistry
3. Components Required for Translation - Protein Synthesis | Biochemistry
4. Codon Recognition by Transfer RNA - Protein Synthesis | Biochemistry
5. Steps in Protein Synthesis - Protein Synthesis | Biochemistry
6. Co-and Posttranslational Modification of Polypeptide Chains - Protein Synthesis | Biochemistry
7. Chapter Summary, Questions Answers - Protein Synthesis - Biochemistry
Chapter 32: Regulation of Gene Expression
1. Regulation of Gene Expression - Biochemistry
2. Regulatory Sequences and Molecules - Regulation of Gene Expression | Biochemistry
3. Regulation of Prokaryotic Gene Expression - Biochemistry
4. Regulation of Eukaryotic Gene Expression - Biochemistry
5. Chapter Summary, Questions Answers - Regulation of Gene Expression - Biochemistry
Chapter 33: Biotechnology and Human Disease
1. Biotechnology and Human Disease - Biochemistry
2. Restriction Endonucleases - Biochemistry
3. DNA Cloning - Biochemistry
4. Probes - Biotechnology | Biochemistry
5. Southern Blotting - Biotechnology and Human Disease | Biochemistry
6. Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism - Biochemistry
7. Polymerase Chain Reaction - Biotechnology and Human Disease | Biochemistry
8. Analysis of Gene Expression - Biotechnology | Biochemistry
9. Gene Therapy - Biotechnology and Human Disease | Biochemistry
10. Transgenic Animals - Biotechnology and Human Disease | Biochemistry
11. Chapter Summary, Questions Answers - Biotechnology and Human Disease - Biochemistry
Chapter 34: Blood clotting
1. Overview of Blood clotting - Biochemistry
2. Fibrin Meshwork Formation - Blood clotting | Biochemistry
3. Limiting Clotting - Blood clotting | Biochemistry
4. Platelet Plug Formation - Blood clotting | Biochemistry
5. Chapter Summary, Questions Answers - Blood clotting - Biochemistry
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