Pharmacology - Medical Course Subject
BASIC PRINCIPLES
Introduction
1. Introduction - Basic & Clinical Pharmacology
2. The History of Pharmacologyogy
3. Pharmacology & Genetics
4. Pharmacology and the Pharmaceutical Industry
5. The Nature of Drugs
6. Drug-Body Interactions
7. Pharmacodynamic Principles
8. Pharmacokinetic Principles
9. Drug Groups
Drug Receptors Pharmacodynamics
1. Drug Receptors & Pharmacodynamics
2. Macromolecular Nature of Drug Receptors
3. Relation Between Drug Concentration & Response
4. Signaling Mechanisms & Drug Action
5. Intracellular Receptors for Lipid-Soluble Agents
6. Ligand-Regulated Transmembrane Enzymes Including Receptor Tyrosine Kinases
7. Cytokine Receptors
8. Ligand- and Voltage-Gated Channels
9. G Proteins & Second Messengers
10. Receptor Regulation
11. Well-Established Second Messengers
12. Interplay among Signaling Mechanisms
13. Phosphorylation: A Common Theme
14. Receptor Classes & Drug Development
15. Relation Between Drug Dose & Clinical Response
16. Dose & Response in Patients
17. Variation in Drug Responsiveness
18. Clinical Selectivity: Beneficial versus Toxic Effects of Drugs
Pharmacokinetics Pharmacodynamics Rational Dosing the Time Course of Drug Action
1. Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics: Rational Dosing & the Time Course of Drug Action
2. Pharmacokinetics
3. Volume of Distribution - Pharmacokinetics
4. Clearance - Pharmacokinetics
5. Half-Life - Pharmacokinetics
6. Drug Accumulation - Pharmacokinetics
7. Bioavailability - Pharmacokinetics
8. The Time Course of Drug Effect
9. The Target Concentration Approach to Designing a Rational Dosage Regimen
10. Target Concentration Intervention: Application of Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics to Dose Individualization
11. Interpretation of Drug Concentration Measurements
Drug Biotransformation
1. Drug Biotransformation
2. Why is Drug Biotransformation Necessary?
3. The Role of Biotransformation In Drug Disposition
4. Where Do Drug Biotransformations Occur?
5. Microsomal Mixed Function Oxidase System & Phase I Reactions
6. Human Liver P450 Enzymes
7. Phase II Reactions
8. Metabolism of Drugs to Toxic Products
9. Clinical Relevance of Drug Metabolism
Development Regulation of Drugs
1. Development & Regulation of Drugs
2. The Pharmaceutical Industry
3. Drug Discovery
4. Preclinical Safety & Toxicity Testing
5. Evaluation in Humans
6. Confounding Factors in Clinical Trials
7. The Food & Drug Administration - Evaluation in Humans
8. Clinical Trials: The IND & NDA - Evaluation in Humans
9. Conflicts of Interest, Adverse Drug Reactions - Evaluation in Humans
10. Orphan Drugs & Treatment of Rare Diseases - Evaluation in Humans
Introduction to Autonomic Pharmacology
1. Introduction to Autonomic Pharmacology
2. Anatomy of the Autonomic Nervous System
3. Neurotransmitter Chemistry of the Autonomic Nervous System
4. Autonomic Receptors
5. Nonadrenergic, Noncholinergic (NANC) Neurons
6. Functional Organization of Autonomic Activity
7. Pharmacologic Modification of Autonomic Function
Cholinoceptor Activating Cholinesterase Inhibiting Drugs
1. Cholinoceptor-Activating & Cholinesterase-Inhibiting Drugs
2. Spectrum of Action of Cholinomimetic Drugs
3. Mode of Action of Cholinomimetic Drugs
4. Basic Pharmacology of the Direct Acting Cholinoceptor Stimulants
5. Basic Pharmacology of the Indirect Acting Cholinomimetics
6. Clinical Pharmacology of the Cholinomimetics
Cholinoceptor Blocking Drugs
1. Cholinoceptor Blocking Drugs
2. Basic Pharmacology of the Muscarinic Receptor Blocking Drugs
3. Clinical Pharmacology of the Muscarinic Receptor Blocking Drugs
4. Basic & Clinical Pharmacology of the Ganglion Blocking Drugs
Adrenoceptor Agonists Sympathomimetic Drugs
1. Adrenoceptor Agonists & Sympathomimetic Drugs
2. Molecular Pharmacology Underlying the Actions of Sympathomimetic Drugs
3. Medicinal Chemistry of Sympathomimetic Drugs
4. Cardiovascular System - Organ System Effects of Sympathomimetic Drugs
5. Noncardiac Effects of Sympathomimetics - Organ System Effects of Sympathomimetic Drugs
6. Endogenous Catecholamines
7. Direct-Acting Sympathomimetics
8. Mixed-Acting Sympathomimetics
9. Indirect-Acting Sympathomimetics
10. Therapeutic Uses of Sympathomimetic Drugs
Adrenoceptor Antagonist Drugs
1. Adrenoceptor Antagonist Drugs
2. Basic Pharmacology of the Alpha Receptor Antagonist Drugs
3. Specific Agents
4. Other Alpha-Adrenoceptor Antagonists
5. Clinical Pharmacology of the Alpha Receptor Blocking Drugs
6. Basic Pharmacology of the Beta Receptor Antagonist Drugs
7. Pharmacokinetic Properties of the Beta-Receptor Antagonists
8. Pharmacodynamics of the Beta-Receptor Antagonist Drugs
9. Specific Agents
10. Clinical Pharmacology of the Beta Receptor Blocking Drugs
11. Choice of a Beta-Adrenoceptor Antagonist Drug
12. Clinical Toxicity Of The Beta-Receptor Antagonist Drugs
Antihypertensive Agents
1. Antihypertensive Agents
2. Hypertension & Regulation of Blood Pressure
3. Basic Pharmacology of Antihypertensive Agents
4. Drugs that Alter Sodium & Water Balance
5. Drugs That Alter Sympathetic Nervous System Function
6. Centrally Acting Sympathoplegic Drugs
7. Methyldopa
8. Clonidine
9. Ganglion-Blocking Agents
10. Adrenergic Neuron-Blocking Agents
11. Beta-Adrenoceptor-Blocking Agents
12. Prazosin & Other Alpha1 Blockers
13. Vasodilators
14. Hydralazine
15. Minoxidil
16. Sodium Nitroprusside
17. Diazoxide
18. Fenoldopam
19. Calcium Channel Blockers
20. Inhibitors of Angiotensin
21. Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors
22. Angiotensin Receptor-Blocking Agents
23. Clinical Pharmacology of Antihypertensive Agents
24. Outpatient Therapy of Hypertension
25. Management of Hypertensive Emergencies
Vasodilators the Treatment of Angina Pectoris
1. Vasodilators & the Treatment of Angina Pectoris
2. Pathophysiology of Angina
3. Basic Pharmacology of Drugs Used to Treat Angina
4. Nitrates & Nitrites
5. Drugs Used in the Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction
6. Calcium Channel-Blocking Drugs
7. Beta-Blocking Drugs
8. Newer Antianginal Drugs
9. Clinical Pharmacology of Drugs Used to Treat Angina
10. Treatment of Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) & Intermittent Claudication
Drugs Used in Heart Failure
1. Drugs Used in Heart Failure
2. Control of Normal Cardiac Contractility
3. Pathophysiology of Heart Failure
4. Pathophysiology of Cardiac Performance
5. Other Positive Inotropic Drugs Used in Heart Failure
6. Bipyridines
7. Beta-Adrenoceptor Agonists
8. Basic Pharmacology of Drugs Used in Heart Failure
9. Drugs Without Positive Inotropic Effects Used in Heart Failure
10. Clinical Pharmacology of Drugs Used in Heart Failure
11. Management of Chronic Heart Failure
12. Management of Diastolic Heart Failure
13. Management of Acute Heart Failure
Agents Used in Cardiac Arrhythmias
1. Agents Used in Cardiac Arrhythmias
2. Electrophysiology of Normal Cardiac Rhythm
3. Mechanisms of Arrhythmias
4. Basic Pharmacology of the Antiarrhythmic Agents
5. Specific Antiarrhythmic Agents
6. Procainamide (Subgroup 1A)
7. Quinidine (SubGroup 1A)
8. Disopyramide (SubGroup 1A)
9. Lidocaine (SubGroup 1B)
10. Mexiletine (SubGroup 1B)
11. Flecainide (Subgroup 1C)
12. Propafenone (Subgroup 1C)
13. Moricizine (Subgroup 1C)
14. Beta-Adrenoceptor�Blocking Drugs (Class 2)
15. Drugs That Prolong Effective Refractory Period by Prolonging the Action Potential (Class 3)
16. Amiodarone
17. Dronedarone
18. Vernakalant
19. Sotalol
20. Dofetilide
21. Ibutilide
22. Calcium Channel-Blocking Drugs (Class 4)
23. Verapamil
24. Adenosine - Antiarrhythmic Agents
25. Magnesium - Antiarrhythmic Agents
26. Potassium - Antiarrhythmic Agents
27. Principles in the Clinical Use of Antiarrhythmic Agents
Diuretic Agents
1. Diuretic Agents
2. Proximal Tubule - Renal Tubule Transport Mechanisms
3. Loop of Henle - Renal Tubule Transport Mechanisms
4. Distal Convoluted Tubule - Renal Tubule Transport Mechanisms
5. Collecting Tubule System - Renal Tubule Transport Mechanisms
6. Renal Autacoids - Renal Tubule Transport Mechanisms
7. Adenosine
8. Prostaglandins
9. Peptides
10. Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
11. Adenosine A1-Receptor Antagonists
12. Loop Diuretics
13. Thiazides
14. Potassium-Sparing Diuretics
15. Agents That Alter Water Excretion (Aquaretics)
16. Diuretic Combinations
17. Edematous States
18. Nonedematous States
Histamine Serotonin the Ergot Alkaloids
1. Histamine
2. Basic Pharmacology of Histamine
3. Clinical Pharmacology of Histamine
4. Histamine Antagonists
5. Histamine Receptor Antagonists
6. Basic Pharmacology of H1-Receptor Antagonists
7. Clinical Pharmacology of H1-Receptor Antagonists
8. H2-Receptor Antagonists
9. H3- & H4-Receptor Antagonists
10. Serotonin 5 Hydroxytryptamine
11. Basic Pharmacology of Serotonin
12. Melatonin Pharmacology
13. Serotonin Syndrome and Similar Syndromes
14. Clinical Pharmacology of Serotonin
15. Serotonin Antagonists
16. Serotonin-Receptor Antagonists
17. The Ergot Alkaloids
18. Basic Pharmacology of Ergot Alkaloids
19. Clinical Pharmacology of Ergot Alkaloids
Vasoactive Peptides
1. Vasoactive Peptides
2. Biosynthesis of Angiotensin
3. Actions of Angiotensin II
4. Angiotensin Receptors & Mechanism of Action
5. Biosynthesis of Kinins
6. Inhibition of the Renin-Angiotensin System
7. Formation of Kinins in Plasma & Tissues
8. Physiologic & Pathologic Effects of Kinins
9. Kinin Receptors & Mechanisms of Action
10. Metabolism of Kinins
11. Drugs Affecting the Kallikrein-Kinin System
12. Vasopressin
13. Vasopressin Receptors & Antagonists
14. Natriuretic Peptides
15. Vasopeptidase Inhibitors
16. Endothelins
17. Inhibitors of Endothelin Synthesis & Action
18. Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide
19. Substance P
20. Neurotensin
21. Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide
22. Adrenomedullin
23. Neuropeptide Y
24. Urotensin
The EicosanoidsProstaglandins Thromboxanes Leukotrienes Related Compounds
1. Arachidonic Acid & Other Polyunsaturated Precursors
2. Synthesis of Eicosanoids
3. Receptor Mechanisms - Mechanisms & Effects of Eicosanoids
4. Effects of Prostaglandins & Thromboxanes
5. Effects of Lipoxygenase & Cytochrome P450-Derived Metabolites
6. Inhibition of Eicosanoid Synthesis
7. Clinical Pharmacology of Eicosanoids
8. Dietary Manipulation of Arachidonic Acid Metabolism
Nitric Oxide
1. Discovery of Endogenously Generated Nitric Oxide
2. Nitric Oxide Synthesis, Signaling Mechanisms, & Inactivation
3. Pharmacologic Manipulation of Nitric Oxide
4. Vascular Effects - Nitric Oxide in Disease
5. Septic Shock - Nitric Oxide in Disease
6. Infection & Inflammation - Nitric Oxide in Disease
7. The Central Nervous System - Nitric Oxide in Disease
8. The Peripheral Nervous System - Nitric Oxide in Disease
9. Respiratory Disorders - Nitric Oxide in Disease
Drugs Used in Asthma
1. Drugs Used in Asthma
2. Pathogenesis of Asthma
3. Sympathomimetic Agents - Basic Pharmacology of Agents Used in the Treatment of Asthma
4. Methylxanthine Drugs - Basic Pharmacology of Agents Used in the Treatment of Asthma
5. Antimuscarinic Agents - Basic Pharmacology of Agents Used in the Treatment of Asthma
6. Corticosteroids - Basic Pharmacology of Agents Used in the Treatment of Asthma
7. Leukotriene Pathway Inhibitors - Basic Pharmacology of Agents Used in the Treatment of Asthma
8. Anti-IgE Monoclonal Antibodies - Drugs in the Treatment of Asthma
9. Cromolyn & Nedocromil
10. Clinical Pharmacology of Drugs Used In the Treatment of Asthma
11. Bronchodilators
12. Muscarinic Antagonists
13. Corticosteroids
14. Leukotriene Antagonists; Cromolyn & Nedocromil
15. Anti-Ige Monoclonal Antibody
16. Management of Acute Asthma
17. Prospects for Prevention of Asthma
18. Treatment Of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
DRUGS THAT ACT IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Introduction to the Pharmacology of Central Nervous System CNS Drugs
1. Introduction to the Pharmacology of Central Nervous System (CNS) Drugs
2. Methods for the Study of Central Nervous System (CNS) Pharmacology
3. Ion Channels & Neurotransmitter Receptors
4. The Synapse & Synaptic Potentials
5. Sites of Drug Action
6. Identification of Central Neurotransmitters
7. Cellular Organization of the Brain
8. Central Neurotransmitters
Sedative Hypnotic Drugs
1. Basic Pharmacology of Sedative Hypnotics
2. Chemical Classification - Basic Pharmacology of Sedative Hypnotics
3. Pharmacokinetics - Basic Pharmacology of Sedative Hypnotics
4. Pharmacodynamics of Benzodiazepines, Barbiturates, & Newer Hypnotics
5. Tolerance & Dependence - Basic Pharmacology of Sedative Hypnotics
6. Benzodiazepine Antagonists: Flumazenil
7. Treatment of Anxiety States
8. Treatment of Sleep Problems
9. Other Therapeutic Uses
10. Clinical Toxicology of Sedative-Hypnotics
The Alcohols
1. The Alcohols
2. Basic Pharmacology of Ethanol: Pharmacokinetics
3. Pharmacodynamics of Acute Ethanol Consumption
4. Consequences of Chronic Alcohol Consumption
5. What Can Drunken Worms, Flies, and Mice Tell Us about Alcohol?
6. Alcohol-Drug Interactions
7. Clinical Pharmacology of Ethanol
8. Management of Acute Alcohol Intoxication
9. Management of Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome
10. Treatment of Alcoholism
11. Pharmacology of Methanol
12. Pharmacology of Ethylene Glycol
Antiseizure Drugs
1. Antiseizure Drugs
2. Drug Development for Epilepsy - Antiseizure Drugs
3. Basic Pharmacology of Antiseizure Drugs
4. Drugs Used in Partial Seizures Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizures
5. Phenytoin
6. Mephenytoin, Ethotoin, & Phenacemide
7. Carbamazepine
8. Oxcarbazepine
9. Eslicarbazine
10. Phenobarbital
11. Primidone
12. Felbamate
13. Gabapentin & Pregabalin
14. Lacosamide
15. Lamotrigine
16. Levetiracetam
17. Retigabine (Ezogabine)
18. Rufinamide
19. Stiripentol
20. Tiagabine
21. Topiramate
22. Vigabatrin
23. Zonisamide
24. Ethosuximide
25. Phensuximide & Methsuximide
26. Valproic Acid & Sodium Valproate
27. Oxazolidinediones
28. Benzodiazepines
29. Acetazolamide
30. Seizure Classification - Clinical Pharmacology of Antiseizure Drugs
31. Therapeutic Strategy - Clinical Pharmacology of Antiseizure Drugs
32. Management of Epilepsy
33. Special Aspects of the Toxicology of Antiseizure Drugs
General Anesthetics
1. General Anesthetics
2. Mechanism of General Anesthetic Action
3. Inhaled Anesthetics
4. Pharmacokinetics - Inhaled Anesthetics
5. Pharmacodynamics - Inhaled Anesthetics
6. What Does Anesthesia Represent & Where Does It Work?
7. Intravenous Anesthetics
8. Propofol - Intravenous Anesthetics
9. Fospropofol - Intravenous Anesthetics
10. Barbiturates - Intravenous Anesthetics
11. Benzodiazepines - Intravenous Anesthetics
12. Etomidate - Intravenous Anesthetics
13. Ketamine - Intravenous Anesthetics
14. Dexmedetomidine - Intravenous Anesthetics
15. Opioid Analgesics - Intravenous Anesthetics
16. Current Clinical Practice - Intravenous Anesthetics
Local Anesthetics
1. Local Anesthetics
2. Basic Pharmacology of Local Anesthetics
3. Historical Development of Local Anesthesia
4. Clinical Pharmacology of Local Anesthetics
5. Lipid Resuscitation
6. Commonly Used Local Anesthetics & Their Applications
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants
1. Skeletal Muscle Relaxants
2. Neuromuscular Blocking Drugs
3. Basic Pharmacology of Neuromuscular Blocking Drugs
4. Clinical Pharmacology of Neuromuscular Blocking Drugs
5. Spasmolytic Drugs
6. Diazepam - Spasmolytic Drugs
7. Baclofen
8. Tizanidine - Spasmolytic Drugs
9. Dantrolene - Spasmolytic Drugs
10. Botulinum Toxin - Spasmolytic Drugs
11. Drugs Used to Treat Acute Local Muscle Spasm
Pharmacologic Management of Parkinsonism Other Movement Disorders
1. Pharmacologic Management of Parkinsonism & Other Movement Disorders
2. Parkinsonism
3. Levodopa
4. Dopamine Receptor Agonists
5. Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
6. Catechol-O-Methyltransferase Inhibitors
7. Apomorphine
8. Amantadine
9. Acetylcholine-Blocking Drugs
10. Surgical Procedures - Parkinsonism
11. Neuroprotective Therapy - Parkinsonism
12. Gene Therapy - Parkinsonism
13. General Comments On Drug Management of Patients With Parkinsonism
14. Drug-Induced Parkinsonism
15. MPTP & Parkinsonism
16. Other Movement Disorders
Antipsychotic Agents Lithium
1. Antipsychotic Agents
2. The Serotonin Hypothesis of Schizophrenia
3. The Dopamine Hypothesis of Schizophrenia
4. The Glutamate Hypothesis of Schizophrenia
5. Basic Pharmacology of Antipsychotic Agents
6. Clinical Pharmacology of Antipsychotic Agents
7. Lithium, Mood Stabilizing Drugs, & Other Treatment For Bipolar Disorder
8. Basic Pharmacology of Lithium
9. Clinical Pharmacology of Lithium
Antidepressant Agents
1. Antidepressant Agents
2. Pathophysiology of Major Depression
3. Neurotrophic Hypothesis
4. Monoamines and Other Neurotransmitters
5. Neuroendocrine Factors in the Pathophysiology of Depression
6. Integration of Hypotheses Regarding the Pathophysiology of Depression
7. Basic Pharmacology of Antidepressants
8. Clinical Indications - Clinical Pharmacology of Antidepressants
9. Choosing an Antidepressant - Clinical Pharmacology of Antidepressants
10. Dosing - Clinical Pharmacology of Antidepressants
11. Adverse Effects - Clinical Pharmacology of Antidepressants
12. Overdose - Clinical Pharmacology of Antidepressants
13. Drug Interactions - Clinical Pharmacology of Antidepressants
Opioid Analgesics Antagonists
1. Basic Pharmacology of the Opioid Analgesics
2. Pharmacokinetics - Basic Pharmacology of the Opioid Analgesics
3. Pharmacodynamics - Basic Pharmacology of the Opioid Analgesics
4. Clinical Pharmacology of the Opioid Analgesics
5. Ion Channels & Novel Analgesic Targets
6. Clinical Use of Opioid Analgesics
7. Toxicity & Undesired Effects - Clinical Pharmacology of the Opioid Analgesics
8. Strong Agonists
9. MILD to Moderate Agonists
10. Opioids With Mixed Receptor Actions
11. Antitussives
12. The Opioid Antagonists
Drugs of Abuse
1. Drugs of Abuse
2. Dependence Versus Addiction
3. Addictive Drugs Increase the Level of Dopamine: Reinforcement
4. Animal Models in Addiction Research
5. The Dopamine Hypothesis of Addiction
6. Dependence: Tolerance & Withdrawal - Drugs of Abuse
7. Addiction: A Disease of Maladaptive Learning
8. Nonaddictive Drugs of Abuse
9. Basic Pharmacology of Drugs of Abuse
10. Opioids - Drugs That Activate Gio-Coupled Receptors
11. Cannabinoids - Drugs That Activate Gio-Coupled Receptors
12. Gamma-Hydroxybutyric Acid - Drugs That Activate Gio-Coupled Receptors
13. LSD, Mescaline, & Psilocybin
14. Drugs that Mediate their Effects via Ionotropic Receptors
15. Drugs that Bind to Transporters of Biogenic Amines
16. Clinical Pharmacology of Dependence & Addiction
Agents Used in Anemias Hematopoietic Growth Factors
1. Agents Used in Anemias; Hematopoietic Growth Factors
2. Sickle Cell Disease and Hydroxyurea
3. Iron - Agents Used In Anemias
4. VITAMIN B12 - Agents Used In Anemias
5. Folic Acid - Agents Used In Anemias
6. Folic Acid Supplementation: A Public Health Dilemma
7. Hematopoietic Growth Factors
8. Erythropoietin - Hematopoietic Growth Factors
9. Myeloid Growth Factors
10. Megakaryocyte Growth Factors
Drugs Used in Disorders of Coagulation
1. Drugs Used in Disorders of Coagulation
2. Mechanisms of Blood Coagulation
3. Blood Coagulation Cascade
4. Basic Pharmacology of the Anticoagulant Drugs
5. Indirect Thrombin Inhibitors
6. Oral Direct Factor XA Inhibitors
7. Direct Thrombin Inhibitors
8. Warfarin & Other Coumarin Anticoagulants
9. Basic Pharmacology of the Fibrinolytic Drugs
10. Basic Pharmacology of Antiplatelet Agents
11. Clinical Pharmacology of Drugs Used to Prevent Clotting
12. Drugs Used in Bleeding Disorders
Agents Used in Dyslipidemia
1. Agents Used in Dyslipidemia
2. Normal Lipoprotein Metabolism
3. Lipoprotein Disorders
4. The Primary Hypertriglyceridemias
5. The Primary Hypercholesterolemias
6. Secondary Hyperlipoproteinemia
7. Competitive Inhibitors of HMG-COA Reductase (Reductase Inhibitors; 'Statins')
8. NIACIN (Nicotinic Acid)
9. Fibric Acid Derivatives (FIBRATES)
10. Bile Acid-Binding Resins
11. Inhibitors of Intestinal Sterol Absorption
12. CETP Inhibitors and Treatment With Drug Combinations
Nonsteroidal Anti Inflammatory Drugs Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs Nonopioid Analgesics Drugs Used in Gout
1. The Immune Response
2. Therapeutic Strategies
3. Nonsteroidalanti Inflammatory Drugs
4. Aspirin
5. Nonacetylated Salicylates
6. Cox-2 Selective Inhibitors
7. Nonselective Cox Inhibitors
8. Choice of NSAID
9. Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs
10. Abatacept
11. Azathioprine
12. Chloroquine & Hydroxychloroquine
13. Cyclophosphamide
14. Cyclosporine
15. Leflunomide
16. Methotrexate
17. Mycophenolate Mofetil
18. Rituximab
19. Sulfasalazine
20. Tocilizumab
21. TNF-?-Blocking Agents
22. Combination Therapy With Dmards
23. Acetaminophen
24. Drugs Used In Gout
25. Colchicine
26. Nsaids In Gout
27. Uricosuric Agents
28. Allopurinol
29. Febuxostat
30. Pegloticase
31. Glucocorticoids
32. Interleukin-1 Inhibitors
ENDOCRINE DRUGS
Hypothalamic Pituitary Hormones
1. Hypothalamic & Pituitary Hormones
2. Anterior Pituitary & Hypothalamic Hormone Receptors
3. Growth Hormone (Somatotropin)
4. Treatment of Obesity
5. Mecasermin
6. Growth Hormone Antagonists
7. Gonadotropins & Human Chorionic Gonadotropin
8. Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone & Its Analogs
9. GNRH Receptor Antagonists
10. Prolactin
11. Dopamine Agonists
12. Oxytocin
13. Oxytocin Antagonist
14. Vasopressin (Antidiuretic Hormone, ADH)
15. Vasopressin Antagonists
Thyroid Antithyroid Drugs
1. Thyroid Physiology
2. Thyroid Hormones
3. Antithyroid Agents
4. Thioamides
5. Anion Inhibitors
6. Iodides
7. Radioactive Iodine
8. Adrenoceptor-Blocking Agents
9. Hypothyroidism
10. Hyperthyroidism
11. Nontoxic Goiter
12. Thyroid Neoplasms
Adrenocorticosteroids And Adrenocortical Antagonists
1. Adrenocorticosteroids
2. The Naturally Occurring Glucocorticoids; Cortisol (Hydrocortisone)
3. Synthetic Corticosteroids
4. Clinical Pharmacology - Synthetic Corticosteroids
5. Toxicity - Synthetic Corticosteroids
6. Contraindications & Cautions - Synthetic Corticosteroids
7. Selection of Drug & Dosage Schedule - Synthetic Corticosteroids
8. Mineralocorticoids (Aldosterone, Deoxycorticosterone, Fludrocortisone)
9. Adrenal Androgens
10. Synthesis Inhibitors & Glucocorticoid Antagonists
11. Mineralocorticoid Antagonists
The Gonadal Hormones Inhibitors
1. Disturbances in Ovarian Function
2. The Estrogens
3. Physiologic Effects - The Estrogens
4. Clinical Uses - The Estrogens
5. Adverse Effects - The Estrogens
6. Preparations & Dosages - The Estrogens
7. The Progestins
8. Other Ovarian Hormones
9. Hormonal Contraception
10. Pharmacologic Effects - Hormonal Contraception
11. Clinical Uses - Hormonal Contraception
12. Adverse Effects - Hormonal Contraception
13. Contraindications & Cautions - Hormonal Contraception
14. Contraception with Progestins Alone - Hormonal Contraception
15. Tamoxifen & Related Partial Agonist Estrogens
16. Mifepristone
17. Danazol
18. Other Inhibitors
19. Ovulation-Inducing Agents
20. The Testis
21. Androgens & Anabolic Steroids
22. Metabolism - The Testis
23. Androgen Suppression & Antiandrogens
24. Chemical Contraception in Men
Pancreatic Hormones Antidiabetic Drugs
1. The Endocrine Pancreas
2. Insulin
3. Characteristics of Available Insulin Preparations
4. Insulin Delivery Systems
5. Treatment with Insulin, Benefit of Glycemic Control in Diabetes Mellitus
6. Insulin Regimens
7. Benefits of Tight Glycemic Control in Diabetes
8. Insulin Treatment of Special Circumstances
9. Complications of Insulin Therapy
10. Oral Antidiabetic Agents
11. Insulin Secretagogues: Sulfonylureas
12. First-Generation Sulfonylureas
13. Second-Generation Sulfonylureas
14. Insulin Secretagogue: Meglitinide
15. Insulin Secretagogue: D-Phenylalanine Derivative
16. Biguanides
17. Thiazolidinediones
18. Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors
19. Bile Acid Sequestrants
20. Amylin Analog
21. Glucagon-Like Polypeptide-1 (GLP-1) Receptor Agonists
22. Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) Inhibitors
23. Combination Therapy-Oral Antidiabetic Agents & Injectable Medication
24. Glucagon
25. Islet Amyloid Polypeptide IAPP, Amylin
Agents That Affect Bone Mineral Homeostasis
1. Basic Pharmacology
2. Parathyroid Hormone - Principal Hormonal Regulators of Bone Mineral Homeostasis
3. Vitamin D - Principal Hormonal Regulators of Bone Mineral Homeostasis
4. Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 - Principal Hormonal Regulators of Bone Mineral Homeostasis
5. Interaction of PTH, FGF23, & Vitamin D
6. Secondary Hormonal Regulators of Bone Mineral Homeostasis
7. Newer Therapies for Osteoporosis
8. Nonhormonal Agents Affecting Bone Mineral Homeostasis
9. Clinical Pharmacology - Agents That Affect Bone Mineral Homeostasis
10. Abnormal Serum Calcium & Phosphate Levels
11. Specific Disorders Involving Bone Mineral-Regulating Hormones
12. Other Disorders of Bone Mineral Homeostasis
Introduction To Antimicrobial Agents
1. Introduction to Antimicrobial Agents
CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUGS
Beta Lactam OtherCell Wall Membrane Active Antibiotics
1. Beta Lactam Compounds: Penicillins
2. Cephalosporins & Cephamycins
3. Monobactams - Beta Lactam Drugs
4. Beta-Lactamase Inhibitors (Clavulanic Acid, Sulbactam, & Tazobactam) - Beta Lactam Drugs
5. Carbapenems - Beta Lactam Drugs
6. Glycopeptide Antibiotics
7. Other Cell Wall or Membrane Active Agents
Tetracyclines Macrolides Clindamycin Chloramphenicol Streptogramins Oxazolidinones
1. Tetracyclines
2. Macrolides
3. Erythromycin - Macrolides
4. Clarithromycin - Macrolides
5. Azithromycin - Macrolides
6. Ketolides - Macrolides
7. Clindamycin
8. Streptogramins
9. Chloramphenicol
10. Oxazolidinones
Aminoglycosides Spectinomycin
1. General Properties of Aminoglycosides
2. Streptomycin
3. Gentamicin
4. Tobramycin
5. Amikacin
6. Netilmicin
7. Neomycin & Kanamycin
8. Spectinomycin
SulfonamidesTrimethoprim Quinolones
1. Sulfonamides - Antifolate Drugs
2. Trimethoprim & Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Mixtures - Antifolate Drugs
3. Dna Gyrase Inhibitors : Fluoroquinolones
Antimycobacterial Drugs
1. Antimycobacterial Drugs
2. Drugs Used In Tuberculosis
3. Isoniazid - Drugs Used In Tuberculosis
4. Rifampin - Drugs Used In Tuberculosis
5. Ethambutol - Drugs Used In Tuberculosis
6. Pyrazinamide - Drugs Used In Tuberculosis
7. Streptomycin - Drugs Used In Tuberculosis
8. Second-Line Drugs for Tuberculosis
9. Rifaximin
10. Drugs Active Against Atypical Mycobacteria
11. Drugs Used in Leprosy
Antifungal Agents
1. Antifungal Agents
2. Amphotericin B
3. Flucytosine
4. Azoles
5. Echinocandins
6. Oral Systemic Antifungal Drugs for Mucocutaneous Infections
7. Topical Antifungal Therapy
Antiviral Agents
1. Antiviral Agents
2. Agents to Treat Herpes Simplex Virus HSV & Varicella Zoster Virus VZV Infections
3. Agents to Treat Cytomegalovirus CMV Infections
4. Antiretroviral Agents
5. Nucleoside & Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
6. Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
7. Protease Inhibitors
8. Entry Inhibitors
9. Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors
10. New & Investigational Antiretroviral Agents
11. Treatment of Hepatitis B Virus Infection
12. Treatment of Hepatitis C Infection
13. Anti Influenza Agents
14. Other Antiviral Agents
Miscellaneous Antimicrobial Agents DisinfectantsAntiseptics Sterilants
1. Metronidazole
2. Mupirocin
3. Polymyxins
4. Fidaxomicin
5. Urinary Antiseptics
6. Disinfectants, Antiseptics, & Sterilants
7. Alcohols - Disinfectants, Antiseptics, & Sterilants
8. Chlorhexidine - Disinfectants, Antiseptics, & Sterilants
9. Halogens - Disinfectants, Antiseptics, & Sterilants
10. Phenolics - Disinfectants, Antiseptics, & Sterilants
11. Quaternary Ammonium Compounds
12. Aldehydes - Disinfectants, Antiseptics, & Sterilants
13. Superoxidized Water - Disinfectants, Antiseptics, & Sterilants
14. Peroxygen Compounds - Disinfectants, Antiseptics, & Sterilants
15. Heavy Metals - Disinfectants, Antiseptics, & Sterilants
16. Sterilants - Disinfectants, Antiseptics, & Sterilants
17. Preservatives - Disinfectants, Antiseptics, & Sterilants
Clinical Use of Antimicrobial Agents
1. Clinical Use of Antimicrobial Agents
2. Empiric Antimicrobial Therapy
3. Antimicrobial Therapy of Infections with Known Etiology
4. Management of Antimicrobial Drug Toxicity
5. Antimicrobial Drug Combinations
6. Antimicrobial Prophylaxis
Antiprotozoal Drugs
1. Parasite Life Cycle - Malaria
2. Drug Classification - Malaria
3. Chemoprophylaxis & Treatment - Malaria
4. Malaria: Chloroquine
5. Other Quinolines - Malaria
6. Artemisinin & Its Derivatives - Malaria
7. Quinine & Quinidine - Malaria
8. Mefloquine - Malaria
9. Primaquine - Malaria
10. Atovaquone - Malaria
11. Inhibitors of Folate Synthesis - Malaria
12. Antibiotics - Malaria
13. Halofantrine & Lumefantrine - Malaria
14. Treatment of Specific Forms of Amebiasis
15. Metronidazole & Tinidazole
16. Iodoquinol
17. Diloxanide Furoate
18. Paromomycin Sulfate
19. Emetine & Dehydroemetine
20. Pentamidine Antiprotozoal Drugs
21. Sodium Stibogluconate Antiprotozoal Drugs
22. Nitazoxanide Antiprotozoal Drugs
23. Other Drugs for Trypanosomiasis & Leishmaniasis
Clinical Pharmacology of the Antihelminthic Drugs
1. Chemotherapy of Helminthic Infections
2. Albendazole
3. Bithionol
4. Diethylcarbamazine Citrate
5. Doxycycline
6. Ivermectin
7. Mebendazole
8. Metrifonate (Trichlorfon)
9. Niclosamide
10. Oxamniquine
11. Piperazine
12. Praziquantel
13. Pyrantel Pamoate
14. Thiabendazole
Cancer Chemotherapy
1. Cancer Chemotherapy
2. Causes of Cancer
3. Cancer Treatment Modalities
4. Role of Cell Cycle Kinetics & Anticancer Effect
5. Drug Resistance - Cancer Chemotherapy
6. Alkylating Agents - Pharmacology of Cancer Chemotherapeutic Drugs
7. Nitrosoureas
8. Nonclassic Alkylating Agents
9. Platinum Analogs
10. Antimetabolites
11. Antifolates
12. Fluoropyrimidines
13. Deoxycytidine Analogs
14. Purine Antagonists
15. Vinca Alkaloids
16. Taxanes & Related Drugs
17. Epipodophyllotoxins
18. Camptothecins
19. Antitumor Antibiotics
20. Miscellaneous Anticancer Drugs
21. Clinical Pharmacology of Cancer Chemotherapeutic Drugs
22. The Leukemias
23. Hodgkin�s Lymphoma
24. Non-Hodgkin�s Lymphoma
25. Multiple Myeloma
26. Breast Cancer
27. Gastrointestinal Cancers
28. Lung Cancer
29. Ovarian Cancer
30. Testicular Cancer
31. Malignant Melanoma
32. Brain Cancer
33. Secondary Malignancies & Cancer Chemotherapy
Immunopharmacology
1. Immunopharmacology
2. Normal Immune Responses
3. Abnormal Immune Responses
4. Glucocorticoids - Immunosuppressive Agents
5. Calcineurin Inhibitors - Immunosuppressive Agents
6. Mammalian Target Of Rapamycin (mTOR) Inhibitors
7. Mycophenolate Mofetil - Immunosuppressive Agents
8. Immunomodulatory Derivatives Of Thalidomide (IMiDs)
9. Cytotoxic Agents - Immunosuppressive Agents
10. Immunosuppressive Antibodies
11. Monoclonal Antibodies (MABs)
12. Clinical Uses of Immunosuppressive Drugs
13. Immunologic Reactions to Drugs & Drug Allergy
14. Immediate (Type I) Drug Allergy
15. Autoimmune (Type Ii) Reactions to Drugs
16. Serum Sickness & Vasculitic (Type III) Reactions
TOXICOLOGY
Introduction to Toxicology Occupational Environmental
1. Introduction to Toxicology: Occupational & Environmental
2. Toxicologic Terms & Definitions
3. Environmental Considerations - Toxicology
4. Air Pollutants - Specific Chemicals
5. Solvents - Specific Chemicals
6. Pesticides - Specific Chemicals
7. Herbicides - Specific Chemicals
8. Environmental Pollutants - Specific Chemicals
9. Metals - Specific Chemicals
Heavy Metal Intoxication Chelators
1. Toxicology of Lead
2. Major Forms of Lead Intoxication
3. Treatment - Toxicology of Lead
4. Toxicology of Arsenic
5. Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics - Toxicology of Arsenic
6. Major Forms of Arsenic Intoxication
7. Toxicology of Mercury
8. Pharmacokinetics - Toxicology of Mercury
9. Major Forms of Mercury Intoxication
10. Treatment - Toxicology of Mercury
11. Pharmacology of Chelators
12. Dimercaprol (2,3-Dimercaptopropanol, BAL)
13. Succimer (Dimercaptosuccinic ACID, DMSA)
14. Edetate Calcium Disodium (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid, EDTA)
15. Unithiol (Dimercaptopropanesulfonic Acid, DMPS)
16. Penicillamine (D-Dimethlcysteine)
17. Deferoxamine
18. Deferasirox
19. Prussian Blue (Ferric Hexacyanoferrate)
Management of the Poisoned Patient
1. Management of the Poisoned Patient
2. Toxicokinetics & Toxicodynamics
3. Approach to the Poisoned Patient
4. Initial Management of the Poisoned Patient
5. Toxic Syndromes: Acetaminophen
6. Toxic Syndromes: Amphetamines & Other Stimulants
7. Toxic Syndromes: Anticholinergic Agents
8. Toxic Syndromes: Antidepressants
9. Toxic Syndromes: Antipsychotics
10. Toxic Syndromes: Aspirin (Salicylate)
11. Toxic Syndromes: Beta Blockers
12. Toxic Syndromes: Calcium Channel Blockers
13. Toxic Syndromes: Cholinesterase Inhibitors
14. Toxic Syndromes: Cyanide
15. Toxic Syndromes: Digoxin
16. Toxic Syndromes: Ethanol & Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs
17. Toxic Syndromes: Ethylene Glycol & Methanol
18. Toxic Syndromes: Rattlesnake Envenomation
19. Toxic Syndromes: Theophylline
SPECIAL TOPICS
Special Aspects of Perinatal Pediatric Pharmacology
1. Drug Therapy in Pregnancy
2. Drug Therapy in Infants & Children
3. Pediatric Dosage Forms & Compliance
4. Drug Use During Lactation
5. Pediatric Drug Dosage
Special Aspects of Geriatric Pharmacology
1. Special Aspects of Geriatric Pharmacology
2. Pharmacologic Changes Associated With Aging
3. Central Nervous System Drugs
4. Cardiovascular Drugs
5. Antimicrobial Drugs
6. Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
7. Ophthalmic Drugs
8. Adverse Drug Reactions in the Elderly
9. Practical Aspects of Geriatric Pharmacology
Dermatologic Pharmacology
1. Dermatologic Pharmacology
2. Dermatologic Vehicles
3. Antibacterial Agents
4. Antifungal Agents
5. Oral Antifungal Agents
6. Topical Antiviral Agents
7. Immunomodulators
8. Ectoparasiticides
9. Agents Affecting Pigmentation
10. Sunscreens
11. Acne Preparations
12. Drugs for Psoriasis
13. Biologic Agents
14. Anti Inflammatory Agents
15. Keratolytic & Destructive Agents
16. Antipruritic Agents
17. Trichogenic & Antitrichogenic Agents
18. Antineoplastic Agents
19. Antiseborrhea Agents
Drugs Used in the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Diseases
1. Drugs Used in the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Diseases
2. Physiology of Acid Secretion - Agents that Reduce Intragastric Acidity
3. Antacids - Agents that Reduce Intragastric Acidity
4. H2-Receptor Antagonists - Agents that Reduce Intragastric Acidity
5. Proton Pump Inhibitors
6. Mucosal Protective Agents
7. Drugs Stimulating Gastrointestinal Motility
8. Laxatives
9. Antidiarrheal Agents
10. Drugs Used in the Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome
11. Antiemetic Agents
12. Drugs Used to Treat Inflammatory Bowel Disease
13. Aminosalicylates
14. Glucocorticoids
15. Purine Analogs: Azathioprine & 6-Mercaptopurine
16. Methotrexate
17. Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor Therapy
18. Anti-Integrin Therapy
19. Pancreatic Enzyme Supplements
20. Bile Acid Therapy For Gallstones
21. Drugs Used to Treat Variceal Hemorrhage
Dietary Supplements Herbal Medications
1. Dietary Supplements & Herbal Medications
2. Historical & Regulatory Factors - Dietary Supplements & Herbal Medications
3. Clinical Aspects of the Use of Botanicals
4. Botanical Substances: Echinacea (Echinacea Purpurea)
5. Botanical Substances: Garlic (Allium Sativum)
6. Botanical Substances: Ginkgo (Ginkgo Biloba)
7. Botanical Substances: Ginseng
8. Botanical Substances: Milk Thistle (Silybum Marianum)
9. St. John�s Wort (Hypericumperforatum)
10. Saw Palmetto (Serenoa Repens Orsabal Serrulata)
11. Coenzyme Q10
12. Glucosamine
13. Melatonin
Rational Prescribing Prescription Writing
1. Rational Prescribing
2. The Prescription
3. Prescribing Errors
4. E-Prescribing
5. Compliance
6. Who May Prescribe?
7. Socioeconomic Factors
8. The Cost of Prescriptions
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