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Pharmacognosy - Online Course




Pharmacognosy - Pharmacy Department



Pharmacognosy




PART A - Introduction to Pharmacognosy





Chapter 1: History, Definition and Scope of Pharmacognosy


1. Meaning of Pharmacognosy
2. Origin of Pharmacognosy
3. History of Pharmacognosy
4. Scope of Pharmacognosy
5. Future of Pharmacognosy
6. Pharmacognostical Scheme - Pharmacognosy



Chapter 2: Alternative System of Medicine


1. Alternative System of Medicine - Pharmacognosy
2. Traditional Chinese Medicine System - Pharmacognosy
3. Indian Systems of Medicine - Pharmacognosy
4. Siddha System of Medicine - Pharmacognosy
5. Unani System of Medicine - Pharmacognosy
6. Homeopathic System of Medicine - Pharmacognosy
7. Aromatherapy - Pharmacognosy
8. Bach Flower Remedies - Pharmacognosy
9. Tibetan System of Medicine - Pharmacognosy



Chapter 3: Classification of Drugs of Natural Origin


1. Classification of Drugs of Natural Origin - Pharmacognosy
2. Classification of Crude Drugs - Pharmacognosy



PART B - Pharmaceutical Botany





Chapter 4: Morphology of Different Parts of Medicinal Plant


1. Morphology of Different Parts of Medicinal Plant - Pharmacognosy
2. Study of Different Tissue Systems - Pharmacognosy
3. Cell Contents - Morphology of Different Parts of Medicinal Plant | Pharmacognosy
4. Cell Division - Morphology of Different Parts of Medicinal Plant | Pharmacognosy
5. Morphological Study - Pharmacognosy



Chapter 5: Study of Different Families


1. Study of Different Families - Pharmacognosy
2. Apocynaceae - Pharmacognosy
3. Compositae - Pharmacognosy
4. Convolulaceae - Pharmacognosy
5. Cruciferae - Pharmacognosy
6. Gramineae - Pharmacognosy
7. Labiatae - Pharmacognosy
8. Leguminosae - Pharmacognosy
9. Liliaceae - Pharmacognosy
10. Papaveraceae - Pharmacognosy
11. Rubiaceae - Pharmacognosy
12. Scrophulariaceae - Pharmacognosy
13. Solanaceae - Pharmacognosy
14. Umbelliferae - Pharmacognosy



PART C - Cultivation, Collection, Production and Utilization of Herbal Drugs





Chapter 6: Cultivation, Collection and Processing of Herbal Drugs


1. Cultivation, Collection and Processing of Herbal Drugs - Pharmacognosy
2. Soils, Seeds and Propagation Material - Pharmacognosy
3. Good Agricultural Practices - Pharmacognosy
4. Factors Affecting Cultivation - Pharmacognosy
5. Plant Hormones and Growth Regulators - Pharmacognosy
6. Collection of Crude Drugs - Pharmacognosy
7. Harvesting of Crude Drugs - Pharmacognosy
8. Drying of Crude Drugs - Pharmacognosy
9. Garbling (Dressing) - Pharmacognosy
10. Packing of Crude Drugs - Pharmacognosy
11. Storage of Crude Drugs - Pharmacognosy
12. Quality Management - Pharmacognosy
13. Documentation - Pharmacognosy



Chapter 7: Indian Trade in Medicine and Aromatic Plants


1. Indian Trade in Medicine and Aromatic Plants - Pharmacognosy
2. Indian Herbal Trade in World Scenario - Pharmacognosy
3. Medicinal Plant-Based Industries In Indigenous System Of Medicine - Pharmacognosy
4. Export Potential of Indian Phyto-Pharmaceutical Products - Pharmacognosy
5. Indian Medicinal Plants Used in Cosmetic and Aromatherapy - Pharmacognosy
6. Indian Medicinal Plants in Crude Form - Pharmacognosy
7. Spices - Pharmacognosy
8. Export of Spices India - Pharmacognosy



Chapter 8: Utilization of Aromatic Plants And Derived Products


1. Utilization of Aromatic Plants and Derived Products - Pharmacognosy
2. Impact of Industrialization - Pharmacognosy
3. Toxocity of Essential Oils - Pharmacognosy
4. Utilization of Aromatic Plants - Pharmacognosy



Chapter 9: Role of Medicinal Plants on National Economy


1. Role of Medicinal Plants on National Economy - Pharmacognosy
2. Economic Growth Potential in Natural Health and Cosmetic Products - Pharmacognosy
3. Future Economic Growth - Pharmacognosy
4. Development of Herbal Medicinal Industry - Pharmacognosy
5. Contribution to Economy of the People - Pharmacognosy



PART D - Analytical Pharmacognosy





Chapter 10: Drug Adulteration


1. Drug Adulteration - Pharmacognosy
2. Adulteration - Drug Adulteration | Pharmacognosy



Chapter 11: Evaluation of Crude Drugs


1. Evaluation of Crude Drugs - Pharmacognosy
2. Organoleptic Evaluation - Evaluation of Crude Drugs | Pharmacognosy
3. Microscopical Evaluation - Evaluation of Crude Drugs | Pharmacognosy
4. Chemical Evaluation - Evaluation of Crude Drugs | Pharmacognosy
5. Physical Evaluation - Evaluation of Crude Drugs | Pharmacognosy
6. Biological Evaluation - Pharmacognosy



Chapter 12: Biological Screening of Herbal Drugs


1. Biological Screening of Herbal Drugs - Pharmacognosy
2. Need for Phyto-Pharmacological Evaluation - Pharmacognosy
3. New Strategies for Evaluating Natural Products - Pharmacognosy
4. Errors in Screening Procedures - Pharmacognosy
5. Screening Methods for Analgesic Agents - Pharmacognosy
6. Screening Methods for Antidiabetic Agents - Pharmacognosy
7. Evaluation of Antidiarrhoeal Agents - Pharmacognosy
8. Screening Methods for Antifertility Agents - Pharmacognosy
9. Screening Methods for Antiinflammatory Agents - Pharmacognosy
10. Screening Methods for Antipyretic Agents - Pharmacognosy
11. Screening Methods for Antiulcer Agents - Pharmacognosy
12. Screening Methods for Diuretic Agents - Pharmacognosy
13. Screening Methods for Hepatoprotective Agents - Pharmacognosy
14. Screening Methods for Wound-Healing Agents - Pharmacognosy



PART E - Biogenesis of Phytopharmaceuticals





Chapter 13: General Biosynthetic Pathways of Secondary Metabolites


1. General Biosynthetic Pathways of Secondary Metabolites - Pharmacognosy
2. The Building Blocks - Pharmacognosy
3. Biosynthesis of Carbohydrates - Pharmacognosy
4. Biosynthesis of Glycosides - Pharmacognosy
5. Biosynthesis of Alkaloids - Pharmacognosy
6. Biosynthesis of Phenolic Compounds - Pharmacognosy



PART F - Pharmacognostical Study of Crude Drugs





Chapter 14: Drugs Containing Carbohydrates and Derived Products


1. Drugs Containing Carbohydrates and Derived Products - Pharmacognosy
2. Classification of Carbohydrates - Pharmacognosy
3. Tests for Carbohydrates - Pharmacognosy
4. Biosynthesis of Carbohydrates - Pharmacognosy
5. Acacia Gum - Pharmacognosy
6. Guar Gum - Pharmacognosy
7. Honey - Pharmacognosy
8. Tragacanth - Pharmacognosy
9. Sodium Alginate - Pharmacognosy
10. Pectin - Pharmacognosy
11. Karaya Gum - Pharmacognosy
12. Bael - Pharmacognosy
13. Agar - Pharmacognosy
14. Manna - Pharmacognosy
15. Xanthan Gum - Pharmacognosy
16. Ghatti Gum - Pharmacognosy
17. Ispaghula - Pharmacognosy
18. Tamarind - Pharmacognosy
19. Chitin - Pharmacognosy
20. Carrageenan - Pharmacognosy
21. Locust Bean Gum - Pharmacognosy
22. Starch - Pharmacognosy



Chapter 15: Drugs Containing Alkaloids


1. Drugs Containing Alkaloids - Pharmacognosy
2. Definition - Drugs Containing Alkaloids - Pharmacognosy
3. History - Drugs Containing Alkaloids - Pharmacognosy
4. Classification - Drugs Containing Alkaloids - Pharmacognosy
5. Occurrence in Nature - Pharmacognosy
6. Properties - Pharmacognosy
7. Extraction - Pharmacognosy
8. Chemical Tests - Pharmacognosy
9. Tropane Alkaloids - Pharmacognosy
10. Belladonna - Pharmacognosy
11. Datura Herb - Pharmacognosy
12. Stramonium - Pharmacognosy
13. Hyoscyamus - Pharmacognosy
14. Coca Leaves - Pharmacognosy
15. Duboisia - Pharmacognosy
16. Indole Alkaloids - Pharmacognosy
17. Ergot - Pharmacognosy
18. Rauwolfia - Pharmacognosy
19. Nux Vomica - Pharmacognosy
20. Vinca - Pharmacognosy
21. Physostigma - Pharmacognosy
22. Pyridine And Piperidine Alkaloids - Pharmacognosy
23. Lobelia - Pharmacognosy
24. Tobacco - Pharmacognosy
25. Areca Nuts - Pharmacognosy
26. Imidazole Alkaloids - Pharmacognosy
27. Pilocarpus - Pharmacognosy
28. Quinoline Alkaloids - Pharmacognosy
29. Cinchona - Pharmacognosy
30. Isoquinoline Alkaloids - Pharmacognosy
31. Ipecac - Pharmacognosy
32. Opium - Pharmacognosy
33. Curare - Pharmacognosy
34. Steroidal Alkaloids - Pharmacognosy
35. Veratrum - Pharmacognosy
36. Kurchi Bark - Pharmacognosy
37. Ashwagandha - Pharmacognosy
38. Purine Alkaloids - Pharmacognosy
39. Coffee - Pharmacognosy
40. Tea - Pharmacognosy
41. Cocoa - Pharmacognosy
42. Diterpene Alkaloids - Pharmacognosy
43. Aconite - Pharmacognosy
44. Amino Alkaloids - Pharmacognosy
45. Ephedra - Pharmacognosy
46. Colchicum - Pharmacognosy



Chapter 16: Drugs Containing Glycosides


1. Drugs Containing Glycosides - Pharmacognosy
2. Classification - Glycosides - Pharmacognosy
3. Distribution of Glycosides - Pharmacognosy
4. Chemical Tests of Glycosides - Pharmacognosy
5. Isolation - Drugs Containing Glycosides - Pharmacognosy
6. Anthracene Glycosides - Pharmacognosy
7. Senna Leaf - Pharmacognosy
8. Aloe - Pharmacognosy
9. Rhubarb - Pharmacognosy
10. Cascara Bark - Pharmacognosy
11. Sterol or Cardiac Glycosides - Pharmacognosy
12. Digitalis Leaves - Pharmacognosy
13. Digitalis Lanata - Pharmacognosy
14. Thevetia - Pharmacognosy
15. Squill - Pharmacognosy
16. Red Squill - Pharmacognosy
17. Indian Squill - Pharmacognosy
18. Strophanthus - Pharmacognosy
19. Oleander - Pharmacognosy
20. Saponin Glycosides - Pharmacognosy
21. Dioscorea - Pharmacognosy
22. Liquorice - Pharmacognosy
23. Shatavari - Pharmacognosy
24. Brahmi - Pharmacognosy
25. Ginseng - Pharmacognosy
26. Senega - Pharmacognosy
27. Quillaia - Pharmacognosy
28. Gokhru - Pharmacognosy
29. Sarsaparilla - Pharmacognosy
30. Cyanogenic Glycosides - Pharmacognosy
31. Almond - Pharmacognosy
32. Wild Cherry Bark - Pharmacognosy
33. Isothiocynate Glycosides - Pharmacognosy
34. Mustard - Pharmacognosy
35. Flavone Glycosides - Pharmacognosy
36. Ginkgo - Pharmacognosy
37. Coumarin and Furanocoumarin Glycosides - Pharmacognosy
38. Visnaga - Pharmacognosy
39. Ammi - Pharmacognosy
40. Psoralea - Pharmacognosy
41. Vanilla - Aldehyde Glycosides - Pharmacognosy
42. Phenol Glycosides - Bearberry - Pharmacognosy
43. Steroidal Glycosides - Solanum - Pharmacognosy
44. Bitter And Miscellaneous Glycosides - Pharmacognosy
45. Gentian - Pharmacognosy
46. Picrorhiza - Pharmacognosy
47. Chirata - Pharmacognosy
48. Quassia - Pharmacognosy
49. Kalmegh - Pharmacognosy



Chapter 17: Drugs Containing Volatile Oils


1. Drugs Containing Volatile Oils - Pharmacognosy
2. Classification of Volatile Oils - Pharmacognosy
3. Extraction of Volatile Oils - Pharmacognosy
4. Terpenoids - Pharmacognosy
5. Classification of Terpenoids - Pharmacognosy
6. Evaluation of Volatile Oils - Pharmacognosy
7. Chemical Tests for Volatile Oils - Pharmacognosy
8. Storage of Volatile Oils - Pharmacognosy
9. Pharmaceutical Applications - Pharmacognosy
10. Volatile Oils Containing Hydrocarbons - Pharmacognosy
11. Turpentine Oil - Pharmacognosy
12. Volatile Oils Containing Alcohols - Pharmacognosy
13. Peppermint - Pharmacognosy
14. Pudina - Pharmacognosy
15. Sandalwood Oil - Pharmacognosy
16. Volatile Oils Containing Aldehydes - Pharmacognosy
17. Lemongrass Oil - Pharmacognosy
18. Lemon Peel - Pharmacognosy
19. Bitter Orange Peel - Pharmacognosy
20. Cinnamon - Pharmacognosy
21. Cassia Bark - Pharmacognosy
22. Citronella Oil - Pharmacognosy
23. Saffron - Pharmacognosy
24. Volatile Oils Containing Ketones - Pharmacognosy
25. Camphor - Pharmacognosy
26. Caraway - Pharmacognosy
27. Coriander - Pharmacognosy
28. Dill - Pharmacognosy
29. Fennel - Pharmacognosy
30. Jatamansi - Pharmacognosy
31. Anise - Pharmacognosy
32. Cummin/Cumin - Pharmacognosy
33. Volatile Oil Containing Phenol - Pharmacognosy
34. Ajowan - Pharmacognosy
35. Tulsi - Pharmacognosy
36. Clove - Pharmacognosy
37. Volatile Oil Containing Ether - Pharmacognosy
38. Nutmeg - Pharmacognosy
39. Calamus - Pharmacognosy
40. Volatile Oil Containing Oxides - Pharmacognosy
41. Chenopodium Oil - Pharmacognosy
42. Eucalyptus Oil - Pharmacognosy
43. Cardamom - Pharmacognosy
44. Volatile Oil Containing Ester - Pharmacognosy
45. Garlic - Pharmacognosy
46. Rosemary Oil - Pharmacognosy
47. Gaultheria Oil - Pharmacognosy
48. Valerian - Pharmacognosy



Chapter 18: Drugs Containing Resins


1. Drugs Containing Resins - Pharmacognosy
2. Classification - Drugs Containing Resins - Pharmacognosy
3. Chemical Composition - Drugs Containing Resins - Pharmacognosy
4. Isolation - Drugs Containing Resins - Pharmacognosy
5. Asafoetida - Pharmacognosy
6. Balsam of Peru - Pharmacognosy
7. Balsam Of Tolu - Pharmacognosy
8. Cannabis - Pharmacognosy
9. Capsicum - Pharmacognosy
10. Colocynth - Pharmacognosy
11. Colophony - Pharmacognosy
12. Ginger - Pharmacognosy
13. Guggul - Pharmacognosy
14. Ipomoea - Pharmacognosy
15. Jalap - Pharmacognosy
16. Kaladana - Pharmacognosy
17. Male Fern - Pharmacognosy
18. Myrrh - Pharmacognosy
19. Podophyllum - Pharmacognosy
20. Indian Podophyllum - Pharmacognosy
21. Siam Benzoin - Pharmacognosy
22. Sumatra Benzoin - Pharmacognosy
23. Storex - Pharmacognosy
24. Turmeric - Pharmacognosy



Chapter 19: Drugs Containing Lipids


1. Drugs Containing Lipids - Pharmacognosy
2. Fixed Oils And Fats - Pharmacognosy
3. Waxes - Pharmacognosy
4. Almond Oil - Pharmacognosy
5. Arachis Oil - Pharmacognosy
6. Castor Oil - Pharmacognosy
7. Chaulmoogra Oil - Pharmacognosy
8. Coconut Oil - Pharmacognosy
9. Cod Liver Oil - Pharmacognosy
10. Corn Oil - Pharmacognosy
11. Cottonseed Oil - Pharmacognosy
12. Linseed Oil - Pharmacognosy
13. Mustard Oil - Pharmacognosy
14. Olive Oil - Pharmacognosy
15. Rice Bran Oil - Pharmacognosy
16. Safflower Oil - Pharmacognosy
17. Sesame Oil - Pharmacognosy
18. Shark Liver Oil - Pharmacognosy
19. Beeswax - Pharmacognosy
20. Carnauba Wax - Pharmacognosy
21. Cocoa Butter - Pharmacognosy
22. Kokum - Pharmacognosy
23. Lanolin - Pharmacognosy
24. Lard - Pharmacognosy



Chapter 20: Drugs Containing Tannins


1. Drugs Containing Tannins - Pharmacognosy
2. Classification - Drugs Containing Tannins - Pharmacognosy
3. Characteristics of Tannins - Pharmacognosy
4. Biosynthesis of Tannins - Pharmacognosy
5. Chemical Tests - For Tannins - Pharmacognosy
6. Isolation of Tannins - Pharmacognosy
7. Medicinal Properties and Uses of Tannins - Pharmacognosy
8. Hydrolysable Tannins - Myrobalan - Pharmacognosy
9. Bahera - Pharmacognosy
10. Arjuna - Pharmacognosy
11. Amla - Pharmacognosy
12. Nutgalls - Pharmacognosy
13. Tannic Acid - Pharmacognosy
14. Condensed Tannins - Ashoka - Pharmacognosy
15. Pale Catechu - Pharmacognosy
16. Black Catechu - Pharmacognosy
17. Pterocarpus - Pharmacognosy



Chapter 21: Enzymes and Protein Drugs


1. Enzymes and Protein Drugs - Pharmacognosy
2. Diastase - Pharmacognosy
3. Pepsin - Pharmacognosy
4. Pancreatin - Pharmacognosy
5. Trypsin - Pharmacognosy
6. Hyaluronidase - Pharmacognosy
7. Urokinase - Pharmacognosy
8. Streptokinase - Pharmacognosy
9. Bromelin - Pharmacognosy
10. Serratiopeptidase - Pharmacognosy
11. Papain - Pharmacognosy
12. Proteins - Pharmacognosy
13. Malt Extract - Pharmacognosy
14. Gelatin - Pharmacognosy
15. Casein - Pharmacognosy
16. Collagen - Pharmacognosy
17. Ficin - Pharmacognosy



Chapter 22: Fibres, Sutures and Surgical Dressings


1. Fibres, Sutures and Surgical Dressings - Introduction - Pharmacognosy
2. Fibres, Sutures and Surgical Dressings - History - Pharmacognosy
3. Classification and Properties of Fibres - Pharmacognosy
4. Cotton - Vegetable Fibres - Pharmacognosy
5. Jute - Pharmacognosy
6. Flax - Pharmacognosy
7. Hemp - Pharmacognosy
8. Silk - Animal Fibres - Pharmacognosy
9. Wool - Pharmacognosy
10. Viscose - Regenerated and Synthetic Fibres | Pharmacognosy
11. Alginate Fibres - Pharmacognosy
12. Nylon - Pharmacognosy
13. Terylene (Dacron) - Pharmacognosy
14. Orlon - Pharmacognosy
15. Surgical Dressings - Pharmacognosy
16. Sutures and Ligatures - Pharmacognosy



Chapter 23: Drugs of Mineral Origin


1. Drugs of Mineral Origin - Introduction - Pharmacognosy
2. Kaolin - Pharmacognosy
3. Asbestos - Pharmacognosy
4. Talc - Pharmacognosy
5. Bentonite - Pharmacognosy
6. Fuller’s Earth - Pharmacognosy




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