Microbiology and Immunology

Microbiology and Immunology - Online Course

Microbiology and Immunology - Medical Course Subject

General Microbiology History of Microbiology

1. History of Microbiology
2. Historical Background of Microbiology
3. Microorganisms as a Cause of Disease
4. Study of Viruses
5. Phenomenon of Immunity
6. Specificity of the Antibody Molecule
7. Chemotherapeutic Agents

Morphology and Physiology of Bacteria

1. Morphology and Physiology of Bacteria
2. Size of Bacteria
3. Microscopy and Types of Microscopy
4. Light microscopy
5. Fluorescence microscopy
6. Electron microscopy
7. Study of Bacteria
8. Staining Methods used in diagnostic microbiology
9. Shape of Bacteria
10. Cell Wall - Structure and Functions of Bacterial Cell Envelope
11. Cell Membrane - Structure and Functions of Bacterial Cell Envelope
12. Cytoplasm - Structure and Functions of Bacterial Cell Envelope
13. Nucleus - Structure and Functions of Bacterial Cell Envelope
14. Capsule and Slime Layer - Structure and Functions of Bacterial Cell Envelope
15. Surface Appendages - Structure and Functions of Bacterial Cell Envelope
16. Sporulation - Structure and Functions of Bacterial Cell Envelope
17. Growth and Multiplication of Bacteria
18. Bacterial Count
19. Bacterial Growth Curve
20. Factors Affecting Growth of Bacteria
21. Bacterial Nutrition

Sterilizationand Disinfection

1. Definition of Frequently Used Terms in Sterilizationand Disinfection
2. Sterilization
3. Physical Methods of Sterilization
4. Chemical Methods of Sterilization
5. Sterilization by moist heat
6. Sterilization by dry heat
7. Disinfection
8. Properties of Ideal Disinfectant
9. Action of Disinfectants
10. Factors Influencing Activity of Disinfectants
11. Types of Disinfectants
12. Testing of Disinfectants

Culture Media

1. Culture Media
2. Ingredients of Culture Media
3. Types of Culture Media

Culture Methods

1. Culture Methods
2. Methods of Culture
3. Anaerobic Culture: Specimen, Culture Media, Methods

Laboratory Identification of Bacteria and Taxonomy

1. Identification of Bacteria
2. Biochemical Reactions - Identification of Bacteria
3. Typing of Bacterial Strains
4. Bacterial Taxonomy
5. Bacterial Classification
6. Nomenclature of Microorganisms

Bacterial Genetics

1. Bacterial Genetics
2. Chromosomal Substances - Bacterial Genetics
3. Mutations
4. Extrachromosomal DNA Substances
5. Transfer of DNA Within Bacterial Cells
6. Transfer of DNA Between Bacterial Cells

Genetic Engineering and Molecular Methods

1. DNA: An Amazing Molecule
2. Genetic Engineering
3. Nucleic Acid Probes
4. Polymerase Chain Reaction
5. Recombinant DNA Technology - Microbiology and Immunology
6. Genetically Modified Organisms
7. Gene Therapy

Antimicrobial Agents Therapy and Resistance

1. Antimicrobial Agents Therapy and Resistance
2. Mechanisms of Action of Antimicrobial Drugs
3. Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance - Resistance to Antimicrobial Drugs
4. Nongenetic and Genetic Basis of Resistance
5. Specific Mechanisms of Resistance
6. Antibiotic Sensitivity Testing
7. Antibacterial Assays in Body Fluids

Microbial Pathogenesis

1. Microbial Pathogenesis: Introduction
2. Types of Microorganisms
3. Infection and Types of Infections
4. Stages of Pathogenesis of Infections
5. Transmission of Infection - Stages of Pathogenesis of Infections
6. Entry of Organisms and Evasion of Local Defenses - Stages of Pathogenesis of Infections
7. Adherence to Cell Surfaces - Stages of Pathogenesis of Infections
8. Growth and Multiplication of Bacteria at the Site of Adherence - Stages of Pathogenesis of Infections
9. Manifestations and Termination of Disease - Stages of Pathogenesis of Infections
10. Stages of an Infectious Disease

Immunity

1. Immunity
2. Types of Immunity
3. Innate Immunity
4. Factors influencing innate immunity
5. Mechanisms of innate immunity
6. Mediators of inflammatory reactions
7. Adaptive (Acquired) Immunity and its Types

Antigen

1. Antigen: Introduction
2. Determinants of Antigenicity
3. Antigenic Specificity: Epitopes
4. Species Specificity - Antigen
5. Isospecificity - Antigen
6. Autospecificity - Antigen
7. Organ Specificity - Antigen
8. Heterophile Specificity - Antigen
9. Haptens
10. Superantigens

Antibodies

1. Antibodies: Introduction
2. Structure of Immunoglobulins
3. Treatment of Immunoglobulins with Proteolytic Enzymes
4. Immunoglobulin Antigen Determinants
5. Biosynthesis of Immunoglobulins
6. Metabolism of Immunoglobulins
7. Immunoglobulin Classes
8. Abnormal Immunoglobulins

Antigen Antibody Reactions

Complement System

1. Complement System
2. Activation of Complement
3. Regulation of Complement System
4. Biological Effects of Complement
5. Deficiency of Complement
6. Biosynthesis of Complement
7. Quantitation of Complement

Structure and Function Imune System

1. Structure and Function Imune System: Introduction
2. Lymphoid Tissues and Organs
3. Lymphatic Circulatory System
4. Cells of the Lymphoreticular System
5. Thymus-derived cells
6. Bone marrow-derived cells
7. Antigen-presenting cells
8. Effector cells that function to eliminate antigens
9. Major Histocompatibility Complex

Immune Response

1. Humoral Immunity
2. Production of Antibodies
3. Theories of antibody formation
4. Factors affecting production of antibodies
5. Immunosuppressive agents
6. Monoclonal Antibodies and Method of production
7. Function of Antibodies
8. Cell-Mediated Immunity
9. Induction of CMI
10. Cytokines and Categories of cytokines
11. Tests for Detection of CMI
12. Transfer Factor
13. Immunological Tolerance
14. Mechanisms of Tolerance
15. Types of Immune Tolerance

Immunodeficiency

1. Immunodeficiency: Introduction
2. Primary Immunodeficiencies
3. B-Cell Immunodeficiencies
4. T-Cell Immunodeficiencies
5. Combined B-Cell and T-Cell Deficiencies
6. Complement Immunodeficiencies
7. Phagocyte Deficiencies
8. Secondary Immunodeficiencies
9. B-Cell Deficiencies
10. T-Cell Deficiencies
11. Complement Deficiencies

Hypersensitivity

1. Hypersensitivity: Introduction
2. Type I (Anaphylactic) Hypersensitivity
3. Type II (Cytotoxic) Hypersensitivity
4. Type III (Immune-Complex) Hypersensitivity
5. Type IV Delayed (Cell-Mediated) Hypersensitivity
6. Type V (Stimulatory Type) Hypersensitivity
7. Types of DTH(delayed type hyper-sensitivity) Reactions
8. Mechanism of DTH(delayed type hyper-sensitivity)
9. Immune-Complex Diseases

Autoimmunity

1. Autoimmunity
2. Tolerance and Mechanisms of Tolerance
3. Pathogenesis of Autoimmunity
4. Mechanisms in Pathogenesis of Autoimmunity
5. Autoimmune Pathological Process
6. Animal Models of Autoimmunity
7. Autoimmune Diseases

Immunology of Transplantation and Malignancy

1. Transplant Immunology and Types of Transplants
2. Allograft Rejection - Transplant Immunology
3. Graft-Versus-Host Reaction - Transplant Immunology
4. Tumor Immunology
5. Features of Malignant Cells
6. Tumor Antigens
7. Immune Reactions against Tumors
8. Immunosurveillance
9. Immunotherapy of Cancer

Immunohematology

1. ABO Blood Group System and Antigens
2. Rh Blood Group System and Antigens
3. Blood Transfusion
4. Hemolytic Disease of Newborn (Erythroblastosis Fetalis)
5. ABO Hemolytic Diseases

Bacteriology Staphylococcus

Bacteriology Streptococcus and Enterococcus

Bacteriology Pneumococusm

1. Streptococcus pneumonia
2. Cell Wall Components and Antigenic Structure - Streptococcus pneumonia
3. Pathogenesis and Immunity - Streptococcus pneumonia
4. Clinical Syndromes - Streptococcus pneumonia
5. Epidemiology of Streptococcus pneumonia
6. Laboratory Diagnosis - Streptococcus pneumonia infections
7. Treatment of Streptococcus pneumonia infections

Bacteriology Neisseria

Bacteriology Corynebacterium

1. Corynebacterium
2. Corynebacterium diphtheria: Properties of the Bacteria
3. Pathogenesis and Immunity - Corynebacterium diphtheria
4. Clinical Syndromes - Corynebacterium diphtheria
5. Epidemiology of Corynebacterium diphtheria
6. Laboratory Diagnosis of Corynebacterium diphtheria infections
7. Treatment of Corynebacterium diphtheria infections
8. Prevention and Control of Corynebacterium diphtheria infections
9. Other Pathogenic Corynebacterium Species
10. Few Coryneform Genera

Bacteriology Bacillus

1. Bacillus: Introduction
2. Bacillus anthracis
3. Properties of the Bacteria Bacillus anthracis
4. Cell Wall Components and Antigenic Properties - Bacillus anthracis
5. Pathogenesis and Immunity - Bacillus anthracis
6. Clinical Syndromes - Bacillus anthracis
7. Epidemiology - Bacillus anthracis
8. Laboratory Diagnosis of Bacillus anthracis infections
9. Treatment of Bacillus anthracis infections
10. Prevention and Control of Bacillus anthracis infections
11. Anthracoid Bacilli
12. Bacillus cereus

Bacteriology Clostridium

1. Clostridium
2. General Properties of Clostridia
3. Clostridium perfringens: Properties of the Bacteria
4. Pathogenesis and Immunity - Clostridium perfringens
5. Clinical Syndromes - Clostridium perfringens
6. Epidemiology - Clostridium perfringens
7. Laboratory Diagnosis of Clostridium perfringens infections
8. Treatment, Prevention and Control of Clostridium perfringens infections
9. Clostridium tetani: Properties of the Bacteria
10. Pathogenesis and Immunity - Clostridium tetani
11. Clinical Syndromes - Clostridium tetani
12. Epidemiology - Clostridium tetani
13. Laboratory Diagnosis of Clostridium tetani infections
14. Treatment of Clostridium tetani infections
15. Prevention and Control of Clostridium tetani infections
16. Clostridium botulinum: Properties of the Bacteria
17. Pathogenicity and Immunity - Clostridium botulinum
18. Clinical Syndromes - Clostridium botulinum
19. Epidemiology - Clostridium botulinum
20. Laboratory Diagnosis of Clostridium botulinum infections
21. Treatment of Clostridium botulinum infections
22. Prevention and Control of Clostridium botulinum infections
23. Clostridium difficile

Bacteriology Nonsporing Anaerobes

1. Nonsporing Anaerobes
2. Anaerobic Bacilli
3. Anaerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli
4. Anaerobic Gram-Negative Bacilli

Coliforms

1. Coliforms
2. Escherichia
3. Escherichia coli: Properties of the Bacteria
4. Cell Wall Components and Antigenic Structure - Escherichia coli
5. Pathogenesis and Immunity - Escherichia coli
6. Epidemiology - Escherichia coli
7. Laboratory Diagnosis of Escherichia coli Infections
8. Treatment, Prevention and Control of Escherichia coli Infections
9. Edwardsiella
10. Citrobacter - Nonsporing Anaerobes
11. Klebsiella
12. Enterobacter
13. Hafnia
14. Serratia
15. Proteus
16. Proteus: Properties of the Bacteria
17. Cell Wall Components and Antigenic Properties - Proteus
18. Pathogenesis and Immunity - Proteus
19. Clinical Syndromes - Proteus
20. Epidemiology - Proteus
21. Laboratory Diagnosis of Proteus Infections
22. Treatment, Prevention and Control of Proteus Infections
23. Morganella
24. Providencia
25. Erwinia

Bacteriology Salmonella

1. Salmonella
2. Salmonella: Properties of the Bacteria
3. Cell Wall Components and Antigenic Structure - Salmonella
4. Pathogenesis and Immunity - Salmonella
5. Clinical Syndromes - Salmonella
6. Epidemiology - Salmonella
7. Laboratory Diagnosis of Salmonella Infections
8. Treatment of Salmonella Infections
9. Prevention and Control of Salmonella Infections
10. Salmonella Gastroenteritis
11. Salmonella Bacteremia

Bacteriology Shigella

1. Shigella
2. Shigella: Properties of the Bacteria
3. Cell Wall Components and Antigenic Structure - Shigella
4. Pathogenesis and Immunity - Shigella
5. Clinical Syndromes - Shigella
6. Epidemiology - Shigella
7. Laboratory Diagnosis of Shigella Infections
8. Treatment and Prevention and Control of Shigella Infections

Bacteriology Yersinia

1. Yersinia
2. Yersinia pestis: Properties of the Bacteria
3. Cell Wall Components and Antigenic Structure - Yersinia pestis
4. Pathogenesis and Immunity - Yersinia pestis
5. Clinical Syndromes - Yersinia pestis
6. Epidemiology - Yersinia pestis
7. Laboratory Diagnosis of Yersinia pestis Infections
8. Treatment of Yersinia pestis Infections
9. Prevention and Control of Yersinia pestis Infections
10. Yersinia enterocolitica
11. Yersinia pseudotuberculosis

Bacteriology VibrioAeromonasand Plesiomonas

1. Vibrio cholerae: Properties of the Bacteria
2. Cell Wall Components and Antigenic Structure - Vibrio cholerae
3. Pathogenesis and Immunity - Vibrio cholerae
4. Clinical Syndromes - Vibrio cholerae
5. Epidemiology - Vibrio cholerae
6. Laboratory Diagnosis of Vibrio cholerae Infections
7. Treatment of Vibrio cholerae Infections
8. Prevention and Control of Vibrio cholerae Infections
9. Noncholera Vibrios
10. Vibrio mimicus
11. Halophilic Vibrios
12. Aeromonas
13. Plesiomonas

Bacteriology Campylobacter and Helicobacter

1. Campylobacter: Properties of the Bacteria
2. Pathogenesis and Immunity - Campylobacter
3. Clinical Syndrome - Campylobacter
4. Epidemiology - Campylobacter
5. Laboratory Diagnosis of Campylobacter Infections
6. Treatment, Prevention and Control of Campylobacter Infections
7. Helicobacter
8. Helicobacter pylori: Properties of the Bacteria
9. Pathogenesis and Immunity - Helicobacter pylori
10. Clinical Syndrome - Helicobacter pylori
11. Epidemiology - Helicobacter pylori
12. Laboratory Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori Infections
13. Treatment, Prevention and Control of Helicobacter pylori Infections

Bacteriology Pseudomonas Burkholderia and Moraxell

1. Pseudomonas
2. Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Properties of the Bacteria
3. Cell Wall Components and Antigenic Structure - Pseudomonas aeruginosa
4. Pathogenesis and Immunity - Pseudomonas aeruginosa
5. Clinical Syndromes - Pseudomonas aeruginosa
6. Epidemiology - Pseudomonas aeruginosa
7. Laboratory Diagnosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections
8. Treatment, Prevention and Control of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections
9. Burkholderia: Burkholderia cepacia, mallei, pseudomallei
10. Moraxella

Bacteriology Haemophilus Pasteurella and Actinobacillus

1. Haemophilu
2. Haemophilus influenza: Properties of the Bacteria
3. Cell Wall Structures and Antigenic Properties - Haemophilus influenza
4. Pathogenesis and Immunity - Haemophilus influenza
5. Clinical Syndromes - Haemophilus influenza
6. Epidemiology - Haemophilus influenza
7. Laboratory Diagnosis of Haemophilus influenza Infections
8. Treatment, Prevention and Control of Haemophilus influenza Infections
9. Few Haemophilus Species
10. Pasteurella
11. Actinobacillus
12. HACEK Group of Bacteria

Bacteriology Bordetella and Francisella

1. Bordetella
2. Bordetella pertussis: Properties of the Bacteria
3. Cell Wall Components and Antigenic Properties - Bordetella pertussis
4. Pathogenesis and Immunity - Bordetella pertussis
5. Clinical Syndromes - Bordetella pertussis
6. Epidemiology - Bordetella pertussis
7. Laboratory Diagnosis of Bordetella pertussis Infections
8. Treatment, Prevention and Control of Bordetella pertussis Infections
9. Bordetella parapertussis
10. Bordetella bronchiseptica
11. Francisella tularensis: Properties of the bacteria
12. Pathogenesis and Immunity - Francisella tularensis
13. Clinical Syndromes and Epidemiology - Francisella tularensis
14. Laboratory Diagnosis of Francisella tularensis Infections
15. Treatment, Prevention and Control of Francisella tularensis Infections

Bacteriology Brucella

1. Brucella
2. Brucella: Properties of the Bacteria
3. Cell Wall Components and Antigenic Structure - Brucella
4. Pathogenesis and Immunity - Brucella
5. Clinical Syndromes - Brucella
6. Epidemiology - Brucella
7. Laboratory Diagnosis of Brucella Infections
8. Treatment, Prevention and Control of Brucella Infections

Bacteriology Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Bacteriology Nontuberculous Mycobacteria

1. Nontuberculous Mycobacteria
2. Photochromogens
3. Scotochromogens
4. Nonphotochromogens
5. Rapid Growers

Bacteriology Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium

1. Mycobacterium leprae: Properties of the Bacteria
2. Cell Wall Components and Antigenic Structure - Mycobacterium leprae
3. Pathogenesis and Immunity - Mycobacterium leprae
4. Clinical Syndromes - Mycobacterium leprae
5. Epidemiology - Mycobacterium leprae
6. Laboratory Diagnosis for Mycobacterium leprae Infections
7. Treatment for Mycobacterium leprae Infections
8. Prevention and Control for Mycobacterium leprae Infections
9. Mycobacterium lepraemurium

Bacteriology Treponema Borrelia and Leptospira

1. Treponema
2. Treponema pallidum: Properties of the Bacteria
3. Cell Wall Components and Antigenic Structure - Treponema pallidum
4. Pathogenesis and Immunity - Treponema pallidum
5. Clinical Syndromes - Treponema pallidum
6. Epidemiology - Treponema pallidum
7. Laboratory Diagnosis - Treponema pallidum Infections
8. Treatment, Prevention and Control - Treponema pallidum Infections
9. Nonvenereal Treponematosis
10. Nonpathogenic Treponemes
11. Borrelia
12. Borrelia recurrentis: Properties of the Bacteria
13. Pathogenesis and Immunity - Borrelia recurrentis
14. Clinical Syndromes - Borrelia recurrentis
15. Epidemiology - Borrelia recurrentis
16. Laboratory Diagnosis - Borrelia recurrentis infections
17. Treatment, Prevention and Control - Borrelia recurrentis infections
18. Borrelia vincenti
19. Borrelia burgdorferi
20. Leptospira: Classification
21. Leptospira interrogans Complex: Properties of the Bacteria
22. Pathogenesis and Immunity - Leptospira interrogans Complex
23. Clinical Syndromes - Leptospira interrogans Complex
24. Epidemiology - Leptospira interrogans Complex
25. Laboratory Diagnosis - Leptospira interrogans Complex Infections
26. Treatment, Prevention and Control - Leptospira interrogans Complex Infections

Bacteriology Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma

1. Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma
2. Mycoplasma pneumonia: Properties of the Bacteria
3. Cell Wall Components and Antigenic Structure - Mycoplasma pneumonia
4. Pathogenesis and Immunity - Mycoplasma pneumonia
5. Clinical Syndromes - Mycoplasma pneumonia
6. Epidemiology - Mycoplasma pneumonia
7. Laboratory Diagnosis - Mycoplasma pneumonia Infections
8. Treatment, Prevention and Control - Mycoplasma pneumonia Infections
9. Genital Mycoplasma Species
10. Ureaplasma urealyticum
11. Atypical Pneumonia

Bacteriology Actinomycetes

1. Actinomycetes
2. Actinomyces: Properties of the Bacteria
3. Pathogenesis and Immunity - Actinomyces
4. Clinical Syndromes and Epidemiology - Actinomyces
5. Laboratory Diagnosis - Actinomyces Infections
6. Treatment, Prevention and Control - Actinomyces Infections
7. Nocardia
8. Nocardia: Properties of the Bacteria
9. Pathogenesis and Immunity - Nocardia
10. Clinical Syndromes - Nocardia
11. Epidemiology - Nocardia
12. Laboratory Diagnosis - Nocardia Infections
13. Treatment, Prevention and Control - Nocardia Infections
14. Rhodococcus
15. Gordonia, Tsukamurella, Thermophilic Actinomyces, Tropheryma whippelii, Dermatophilus, Oerskovia - Actinomycetes

Bacteriology Miscellaneous Bacteria

1. Listeria monocytogenes - Bacteria
2. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae - Bacteria
3. Alcaligenes faecalis - Bacteria
4. Chromobacterium violaceum - Bacteria
5. Flavobacterium meningosepticum - Bacteria
6. Calymmatobacterium - Bacteria
7. Streptobacillus moniliformis - Bacteria
8. Spirillum minus - Bacteria
9. Legionella - Bacteria
10. Legionella pneumophila: Properties of the Bacteria
11. Cell Wall Components and Antigenic Structure - Legionella pneumophila
12. Pathogenesis and Immunity - Legionella pneumophila
13. Clinical Sydromes - Legionella pneumophila
14. Epidemiology - Legionella pneumophila
15. Laboratory Diagnosis - Legionella pneumophila Infections
16. Treatment, Prevention and Control - Legionella pneumophila Infections
17. Bartonella
18. Capnocytophaga
19. Gardnerella vaginalis - Bacteria

Bacteriology Rickettsia Orientia Ehrlichia and Coxiella

1. Rickettsia, Orientia Ehrlichia, and Coxiella
2. Genus Rickettsia: Properties of the Bacteria
3. Cell Wall Components and Antigenic Structure - Genus Rickettsia
4. Typhus Fever Group
5. Rickettsia prowazekii
6. Rickettsia typhi
7. Spotted Fever Group
8. Rickettsia rickettsiae
9. Rickettsia akari
10. Orientia tsutsugamushi - Genus Orientia
11. Genus Ehrlichia
12. Genus Coxiella
13. Coxiella burnetii: Properties of the Bacteria
14. Cell Wall Components and Antigenic Structure - Coxiella burnetii
15. Pathogenesis and Immunity, Clinical Syndrome - Coxiella burnetii
16. Epidemiology - Coxiella burnetii
17. Laboratory Diagnosis - Coxiella burnetii Infections
18. Treatment, Prevention and Control - Coxiella burnetii Infections

Bacteriology Chlamydia and Chlamydophilaum

1. Chlamydia
2. Chlamydia: General Properties, Growth and Multiplication
3. Chlamydia trachomatis: Properties of the Bacteria
4. Cell Wall Components and Antigenic Structure - Chlamydia trachomatis
5. Pathogenesis and Immunity - Chlamydia trachomatis
6. Clinical Syndromes - Chlamydia trachomatis
7. Epidemiology - Chlamydia trachomatis
8. Laboratory Diagnosis - Chlamydia trachomatis Infections
9. Treatment, Prevention and Control - Chlamydia trachomatis Infections
10. Chlamydophila
11. Chlamydophila pneumonia
12. Chlamydophila psittaci

Virology Virus General Properties of Viruses

1. General Properties of Viruses
2. Morphology of Viruses
3. Structure and Symmetry of Virus
4. Susceptibility to Physical and Chemical Agents of Virus
5. Replication of Viruses
6. Viral Genetics
7. Nomenclature and Taxonomy of Viruses

Virology Virus Pathogenesis of Viral Infections

1. Stages of Viral Infections
2. Viral Pathogenesis at the Cellular Level
3. Host Response to Viral Infections
4. Clinical Manifestations of Viral Diseases
5. Epidemiology - Pathogenesis of Viral Infections

Virology Virus Antiviral Agents

1. Antiviral Agents
2. Mechanism of Action of Antiviral Drugs
3. Classification of Antiviral Drugs

Virology Virus Laboratory Diagnosis of Viral Diseases

Virology Virus Bacteriophages

1. Bacteriophages
2. Morphology - Bacteriophages
3. Life Cycle: Lysogenic and Lytic Cycle - Bacteriophages
4. Uses of Bacteriophages
5. Bacteriophage Typing

Virology Virus Poxviruses

1. Poxviruses: Classification
2. Variola (Smallpox) Virus: Properties of the Virus
3. Virus Isolation and Animal Susceptibility - Variola (Smallpox) Virus
4. Pathogenesis and Immunity - Variola (Smallpox) Virus
5. Clinical Syndrome - Variola (Smallpox) Virus
6. Epidemiology - Variola (Smallpox) Virus
7. Laboratory Diagnosis - Variola (Smallpox) Virus Infections
8. Treatment, Prevention and Control - Variola (Smallpox) Virus Infections
9. Vaccinia Virus
10. Monkeypox
11. Buffalopox
12. Cowpox
13. Orf
14. Molluscum Contagiosum
15. Tanapox and Yabapox

Virology Virus Papovaviruses

1. Human Papillomaviruses: Properties of the Virus
2. Pathogenesis and Immunity - Human Papillomaviruses
3. Clinical Syndromes - Human Papillomaviruses
4. Epidemiology - Human Papillomaviruses
5. Laboratory Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention and Control - Human Papillomaviruses Infections
6. Polyomavirus

Virology Virus Herpesviruses

1. Herpesviruses
2. Herpes Simplex Virus: Properties of the Virus
3. Virus Isolation and Animal Susceptibility - Herpes Simplex Virus
4. Pathogenesis and Immunity - Herpes Simplex Virus
5. Clinical Syndromes - Herpes Simplex Virus
6. Epidemiology - Herpes Simplex Virus
7. Laboratory Diagnosis - Herpes Simplex Virus Infections
8. Treatment, Prevention and Control - Herpes Simplex Virus Infections
9. Herpesvirus Simiae: B Virus
10. Varicella Zoster Virus: Properties of the Virus, Virus Isolation and Animal Susceptibility
11. Pathogenesis and Immunity - Varicella Zoster Virus
12. Clinical Syndromes - Varicella Zoster Virus
13. Epidemiology - Varicella Zoster Virus
14. Laboratory Diagnosis - Varicella Zoster Virus Infections
15. Treatment, Prevention and Control - Varicella Zoster Virus Infections
16. Epstein Barr Virus: Properties of the Virus
17. Pathogenesis and Immunity - Epstein Barr Virus
18. Clinical Syndromes - Epstein Barr Virus
19. Epidemiology - Epstein Barr Virus
20. Laboratory Diagnosis - Epstein Barr Virus Infections
21. Treatment, Prevention and Control - Epstein Barr Virus Infections
22. Cytomegalovirus: Classification, Properties of the Virus, Virus Isolation and Animal Susceptibility
23. Pathogenesis and Immunity - Cytomegalovirus
24. Clinical Syndromes - Cytomegalovirus
25. Epidemiology - Cytomegalovirus
26. Laboratory Diagnosis - Cytomegalovirus Infections
27. Treatment, Prevention and Control - Cytomegalovirus Infections
28. Human Herpesvirus 6,7,8

Virology Virus Adenoviruses

1. Adenovirus: Classification
2. Adenovirus: Properties of the Virus
3. Virus Isolation and Animal Susceptibility - Adenovirus
4. Pathogenesis and Immunity - Adenovirus
5. Clinical Syndromes - Adenovirus
6. Epidemiology - Adenovirus
7. Laboratory Diagnosis - Adenovirus Infections
8. Treatment - Adenovirus Infections
9. Adeno-Associated Viruses

Virology Virus Parvoviruses

1. Parvoviruses
2. Parvovirus B19: Properties of the Virus
3. Pathogenesis and Immunity - Parvovirus B19
4. Clinical Syndromes - Parvovirus B19
5. Epidemiology - Parvovirus B19
6. Laboratory Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention and Control - Parvovirus B19 Infections

Virology Virus Picornaviruses

1. Picornaviruses
2. Enteroviruses
3. Poliovirus: Properties of the Virus
4. Virus Isolation and Animal Susceptibility - Poliovirus
5. Pathogenesis and Immunity - Poliovirus
6. Clinical Syndromes - Poliovirus
7. Epidemiology - Poliovirus
8. Laboratory Diagnosis - Poliovirus Infections
9. Treatment, Prevention and Control - Poliovirus Infections
10. Coxsackieviruses
11. Diseases Caused by Coxsackie A and B
12. Echoviruses
13. Enterovirus 70
14. Rhinoviruses

Virology Virus Orthomyxoviruses

1. Orthomyxoviruses
2. Influenza Viruses: Properties of the Virus
3. Virus Isolation and Animal Susceptibility - Influenza Viruses
4. Pathogenesis and Immunity - Influenza Viruses
5. Clinical Syndrome - Influenza Viruses
6. Complications - Influenza Viruses
7. Epidemiology - Influenza Viruses
8. Laboratory Diagnosis - Influenza Viruses Infections
9. Treatment - Influenza Viruses Infections
10. Prevention and Control - Influenza Viruses Infections

Virology Virus Paramyxoviruses

1. Paramyxoviruses
2. Measles Virus: General Properties
3. Virus Isolation - Measles Virus
4. Pathogenesis and Immunity - Measles Virus
5. Clinical Syndromes - Measles Virus
6. Epidemiology - Measles Virus
7. Laboratory Diagnosis - Measles Virus Infections
8. Prevention and Control - Measles Virus Infections
9. Parainfluenza Virus: Properties of the Virus
10. Pathogenesis and Immunity - Parainfluenza Virus
11. Clinical Syndromes and Epidemiology - Parainfluenza Virus
12. Laboratory Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention and Control - Parainfluenza Virus Infections
13. Mumps Virus: Properties of the Virus, Virus Isolation
14. Pathogenesis and Immunity - Mumps Virus
15. Clinical Syndrome and Epidemiology - Mumps Virus
16. Laboratory Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention and Control - Mumps Virus Infections
17. Respiratory Syncytial: Properties of the Virus
18. Pathogenesis and Immunity - Respiratory Syncytial
19. Clinical Syndromes - Respiratory Syncytial
20. Epidemiology - Respiratory Syncytial
21. Laboratory Diagnosis - Respiratory Syncytial Infections
22. Treatment, Prevention and Control - Respiratory Syncytial Infections
23. Nipah Virus and Hendra Virus
24. Human Metapneumovirus

Virology Virus Reoviruses

1. Human Metapneumovirus
2. Reoviruses
3. Orbiviruses
4. Coltiviruses and Colorado Tick Fever Virus
5. Orthoreoviruses
6. Rotavirus: Properties of the Virus
7. Pathogenesis and Immunity - Rotavirus
8. Clinical Syndrome and Epidemiology - Rotavirus
9. Laboratory Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention and Control - Rotavirus Infections

Virology Virus Rhabdoviruses

1. Rhabdoviruses
2. Rabies Virus: Properties of the Virus
3. Virus Isolation and Animal Susceptibility - Rabies Virus
4. Pathogenesis and Immunity - Rabies Virus
5. Clinical Syndrome - Rabies Virus
6. Epidemiology - Rabies Virus
7. Laboratory Diagnosis in Humans - Rabies Virus Infection
8. Direct Antigen Detection - Rabies Virus Infection
9. Laboratory Diagnosis in Animals - Rabies Virus Infection
10. Treatment, Prevention and Control - Rabies Virus Infection
11. Rabies-Related Viruses

Virology Virus Arboviruses

1. Arboviruses
2. Important Properties of Arboviruses
3. Roboviruses
4. Togaviruses: Alphaviruses, Rubivirus
5. Flaviviruses
6. Mosquito-Borne Flaviviruses
7. Properties of the virus Mosquito-Borne Flaviviruses
8. Pathogenesis and immunity - Mosquito-Borne Flaviviruses
9. Clinical syndromes - Mosquito-Borne Flaviviruses
10. Epidemiology - Mosquito-Borne Flaviviruses
11. Laboratory diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention and control - Mosquito-Borne Flaviviruses Infections
12. Tick-Borne Flaviviruses
13. Bunyaviridae Viruses
14. Reoviridae
15. Rhabdoviridae
16. Ungrouped Arboviruses

Hepatitis Viruses

1. Hepatitis Viruses: Introduction
2. Hepatitis A Virus: Properties of the Virus
3. Pathogenesis and Immunity - Hepatitis A Virus
4. Clinical Syndrome - Hepatitis A Virus
5. Epidemiology - Hepatitis A Virus
6. Laboratory Diagnosis - Hepatitis A Virus
7. Treatment, Prevention and Control - Hepatitis A Virus Infections
8. Hepatitis B Virus: Properties of the Virus
9. Pathogenesis and Immunity - Hepatitis B Virus
10. Clinical Syndromes - Hepatitis B Virus
11. Epidemiology - Hepatitis B Virus
12. Laboratory Diagnosis - Hepatitis B Virus Infections
13. Treatment - Hepatitis B Virus Infections
14. Prevention and Control - Hepatitis B Virus Infections
15. Hepatitis C Virus: Properties of the Virus
16. Pathogenesis and Immunity - Hepatitis C Virus
17. Clinical Syndromes - Hepatitis C Virus
18. Epidemiology - Hepatitis C Virus
19. Laboratory Diagnosis - Hepatitis C Virus Infections
20. Treatment, Prevention and Control - Hepatitis C Virus Infections
21. Hepatitis D Virus
22. Hepatitis E Virus
23. Hepatitis G Virus

Virology Virus Retrovirus

1. Retroviruses: Classification
2. Retroviruses: Properties of the Virus
3. Pathogenesis and Immunity - Retroviruses
4. Clinical Syndromes - Retroviruses
5. Epidemiology - Retroviruses
6. Laboratory Diagnosis and Treatment - Retroviruses Infections
7. Human T-Lymphotropic Viruses: Properties of the Virus
8. Pathogenesis and Immunity - Human T-Lymphotropic Viruses
9. Host immunity - Human T-Lymphotropic Viruses
10. Clinical Syndromes - Human T-Lymphotropic Viruses
11. Epidemiology - Human T-Lymphotropic Viruses
12. Laboratory Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention and Control - Human T-Lymphotropic Viruses Infections
13. Endogenous Retroviruses

Virology Virus Human Immunodeficiency Virus

1. Human Immunodeficiency Virus
2. HIV Virus: Classification and Properties of the Virus
3. HIV Virus Isolation: Cell culture
4. Pathogenesis and Immunity - HIV Virus
5. Clinical Syndromes - HIV Virus
6. Epidemiology - HIV Virus
7. Laboratory Diagnosis - HIV Virus infection
8. Treatment - HIV Virus infection
9. Prevention and Control - HIV Virus infection

Virology Virus Slow Viruses and Prions

Virology Virus Miscellaneous Viruses

1. Rubella Virus
2. Norwalk Virus
3. Viral Hemorrhagic Fever
4. Arenavirus
5. Coronaviruses

Mycology Fungi Introduction to Mycology

1. Introduction to Mycology
2. Classification of Fungi
3. Reproduction of Fungi
4. Pathogenesis of Fungal Infection
5. Laboratory Diagnosis of Fungal Infection
6. Antifungal Drugs

Mycology Fungi Superficial Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Mycoses

1. Superficial Mycoses
2. Cutaneous Mycoses
3. Subcutaneous Mycosis

Mycology Fungi Systemic Mycoses

1. Coccidioidomycosis
2. Paracoccidioidomycosis
3. Histoplasmosis
4. Blastomycosis
5. Cryptococcosis

Mycology Fungi Opportunistic Fungal Infections

1. Opportunistic Fungal Infections
2. Candidiasis
3. Candida albicans: Properties
4. Pathogenesis and Immunity - Candida albicans
5. Clinical Syndromes and Epidemiology - Candida albicans
6. Laboratory Diagnosis - Candida albicans Infections
7. Treatment, Prevention and Control - Candida albicans Infections
8. Aspergillus Species
9. Zygomycosis
10. Pneumocystis jiroveci - Pneumocystosis
11. Penicillium marneffei - Penicilliosis
12. Pseudoallescheria boydii Infection
13. Fusarium solani Infection

Applied Microbiology Normal Microbial Flora

1. Normal Microbial Flora
2. Functions of Resident Flora
3. Factors Determining the Colonization by Microbes
4. Normal Flora at Various Sites of the Body
5. Normal Flora at Respiratory Tract
6. Normal Flora at Gastrointestinal Tract
7. Normal Flora at Genitourinary Tract
8. Normal Flora at Body Surface
9. Normal Flora at Sterile Sites

Applied Microbiology Bacteriology of Water Milk and Air

1. Bacteriology of Water
2. Bacteriology of Milk
3. Bacteriology of Air

Applied Microbiology Nosocomial Infections

1. Nosocomial Infections
2. Factors Affecting Hospital-Acquired Infection
3. Epidemiology of Hospital-Acquired Infections
4. Diagnosis of Hospital-Acquired Infections
5. Prevention and Control of Hospital-Acquired Infections

Applied Microbiology Biomedical Waste Management

1. Biomedical Waste Management
2. Types of Biomedical Waste
3. Waste Treatment and Disposal of Biomedical Wastes

Applied Microbiology Immunoprophylaxis

1. Immunoprophylaxis
2. Active Immunization
3. Immunization Schedule
4. Passive Immunization
5. Individual Immunization

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