Introduction to Human Nutrition
A Global Perspective on Food and Nutrition
1. Orientation to human nutrition
2. An integrated approach of Human Nutrition
3. A conceptional framework for the study of nutrition
4. Relationship between nutrition and health
5. Nutrients: the basics
6. Global malnutrition
7. Relationship between nutrition science and practice
8. Nutrition milestones: the development of nutrition as a science
9. Future challenges for nutrition research and practice
Body Composition
1. Body Composition
2. Five levels of body composition
3. Relationships between different levels of body composition
4. Body composition techniques
5. Direct methods - Body composition techniques
6. Indirect methods - Body composition techniques
7. Doubly indirect methods - Body composition techniques
8. Carcass analysis - Direct methods in Body composition techniques
9. In vivo neutron activation analysis - Direct methods in Body composition techniques
10. Densitometry - Indirect methods in Body composition techniques
11. Dilution techniques - Indirect methods in Body composition techniques
12. Total body potassium - Indirect methods in Body composition techniques
13. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry - Indirect methods in Body composition techniques
14. Imaging techniques - Indirect methods in Body composition techniques
15. Weight/height indices - Doubly indirect methods in Body composition techniques
16. Skinfold thickness measurements - Doubly indirect methods in Body composition techniques
17. Anthropometric variables - Body composition techniques
18. Infrared interactance - Body composition techniques
19. Ultrasound measurements - Doubly indirect methods in Body composition techniques
20. Bioelectrical impedance - Body composition techniques
21. Total body electrical conductivity - Body composition techniques
22. Creatinine excretion and N-methyl-histidine excretion - Body composition techniques
23. Use and misuse of body composition data
Energy Metabolism
1. Energy Metabolism
2. Components of energy balance - Human Nutrition: Energy Metabolism
3. Energy intake - Human Nutrition: Energy Metabolism
4. Factors influencing food intake
5. Energy expenditure: Concept, Measurement, Historical aspects
6. Factors that influence energy expenditure
7. Energy expenditure related to physical activity - Energy Metabolism
8. Energy requirements - Human Nutrition: Energy Metabolism
9. Energy balance(Human Nutrition) in various conditions
10. Energy requirements in disease and trauma
11. Obesity: Basic metabolic principles
12. Definition of obesity
13. Etiology of obesity: excess intake or decreased physical activity
14. Role of physical activity and energy expenditure in the development of obesity
Nutrition and Metabolism of Proteins and Amino Acids
1. Nutrition and Metabolism of Proteins and Amino Acids
2. A historical perspective - Nutrition and Metabolism of Proteins
3. Structure and chemistry of amino acids
4. Classification of amino acids
5. Biology of protein and amino acid requirements
6. Body protein mass
7. Turnover of proteins and amino acid metabolism: Protein synthesis, degradation, and turnover
8. Amino acids as precursors of physiologically important nitrogen compounds
9. Urea cycle enzymes and urea production
10. Estimation of protein and amino acid requirements
11. Nitrogen balance and definition of requirement
12. Protein requirements for various age and physiological groups
13. Definition and determination of indispensable amino acid requirements
14. Meeting protein and amino acid needs
15. Factors other than diet affecting protein and amino acid requirements
Digestion and Metabolism of Carbohydrates
1. Carbohydrates in foods
2. Digestive fate of dietary carbohydrates
3. Glycemic carbohydrates
4. Metabolic utilization of carbohydrate
5. Regulation of blood glucose concentration
6. Dietary management of blood glucose concentration
7. Nonglycemic carbohydrates
8. Physiological classification of carbohydrates entering the colon
9. Chemical classification of carbohydrates entering the colon
10. Amount of carbohydrate entering the human colon
11. Resistant starch
12. Dietary fiber
13. Intakes of dietary fiber, oligosaccharides, and other indigestible sugars
14. Fermentation in the colon
15. Fate of short-chain fatty acids
16. Carbohydrates and dental caries
Nutrition and Metabolism of Lipids
1. History of lipids in human nutrition
2. Terminology of dietary fats
3. Lipids as components of the diet
4. Digestion, absorption, and transport of dietary fat
5. Reception, emulsification, lipolysis, solubilization, and absorption
6. Solubilization of emulsified fat
7. Absorption of solubilized fat
8. Enterohepatic circulation
9. Re-esterification of triacylglycerols in the enterocyte
10. Lipoprotein assembly and secretion
11. Postprandial lipemia
12. Postprandial lipemia: relevance to atherosclerosis
13. Lipoprotein structure: a shopping bag and groceries
14. Lipoprotein transport pathways - Circulating lipids: lipoprotein structures and metabolism
15. Metabolic determinants of lipoprotein metabolism
16. Low-density lipoprotein receptor pathway
17. Reverse cholesterol transport (high-density lipoprotein pathway)
18. Interrelationships among serum triacylglycerols and low- and high-density lipoproteins
19. Endocrine control of lipoprotein metabolism
20. Sex hormones on lipoprotein
21. The triacylglycerol hypothesis - Circulating lipids: lipoprotein structures and metabolism
22. Body lipid pools
23. Long-chain fatty acid metabolism
24. Nutritional regulation of long-chain fatty acid profiles and metabolism
25. Nutritional and metabolic effects of dietary fatty acids
26. Cholesterol synthesis and regulation: Cholesterol and the brain
27. Effect of diet on serum lipids and lipoproteins
28. Diet and serum cholesterol
29. Trans fatty acids - Effect of diet on serum lipids and lipoproteins
30. Plant sterols and soluble nonstarch polysaccharides - Effect of diet on serum lipids and lipoproteins
31. Dietary cholesterol - Effect of diet on serum lipids and lipoproteins
32. Fat quantity versus quality: importance of the ratio of n-6:n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids
33. Effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids from plants and fish
34. Saturated fatty acids and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
35. Long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and serum triacylglycerols
Dietary Reference Standards
1. Dietary Reference Standards
2. Terminology and conceptual approaches to setting nutrient recommendations
3. Interpretation and uses of dietary recommendations
4. The use of reference values to assess the adequacy of the nutrient intakes of population groups
5. Methods used to determine requirements and set dietary recommendations
6. Methods used to determine requirements
The Vitamins
1. Vitamins
2. Vitamins: Introduction - Human Nutrition
3. Vitamin A - Human Nutrition
4. Vitamers and international units
5. Metabolism and storage of vitamin A and pro-vitamin A carotenoids
6. Metabolic functions of vitamin A and carotenes
7. Vitamin A deficiency: night blindness and xerophthalmia
8. Vitamin A requirements and reference intakes
9. Toxicity of vitamin A
10. Interactions of vitamin A with drugs and other nutrients
11. Vitamin D - Human Nutrition
12. Vitamers and international units - Vitamin D
13. Vitamin D Absorption and metabolism
14. Regulation of vitamin D metabolism
15. Metabolic functions of vitamin D
16. Vitamin D deficiency: rickets and osteomalacia
17. Vitamin D requirements and reference intakes
18. Vitamin D toxicity
19. Interactions of Vitamin D with drugs and other nutrients
20. Vitamin E - Human Nutrition
21. Vitamers and units of activity - Vitamin E
22. Vitamin E Absorption and metabolism
23. Metabolic functions of vitamin E
24. Vitamin E deficiency
25. Vitamin E requirements
26. Interactions of Vitamin E with other nutrients
27. Vitamin K - Human Nutrition
28. Vitamers - Vitamin K
29. Dietary sources, bacterial synthesis and metabolism - Vitamin K
30. Metabolic functions of vitamin K
31. Vitamin K deficiency and requirements
32. Toxicity and drug interactions of Vitamin K
33. Vitamin B1 (thiamin)
34. Absorption and metabolism of thiamin(Vitamin B1)
35. Metabolic functions of thiamin(Vitamin B1)
36. Absorption and metabolism of thiamin (Vitamin B1)
37. Metabolic functions of thiamin (Vitamin B1)
38. Thiamin (Vitamin B1) deficiency
39. Thiamin (Vitamin B1) requirements
40. Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) - Human Nutrition
41. Absorption and metabolism of Vitamin B2 (riboflavin)
42. Metabolic functions of the flavin coenzymes
43. Riboflavin(Vitamin B2) deficiency
44. Riboflavin(Vitamin B2) requirements
45. Interactions of Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) with drugs and other nutrients
46. Niacin - Human Nutrition
47. Vitamers and niacin equivalents
48. Absorption and metabolism of Niacin
49. Metabolic functions of niacin
50. Pellagra: a disease of tryptophan and niacin deficiency
51. Niacin requirements
52. Niacin toxicity
53. Vitamin B6 - Human Nutrition
54. Vitamers - vitamin B6
55. Absorption and metabolism of vitamin B6
56. Metabolic functions of vitamin B6
57. Vitamin B6 deficiency
58. Vitamin B6 requirements
59. Assessment of vitamin B6 status
60. Non-nutritional uses of vitamin B6
61. Vitamin B6 toxicity
62. Vitamin B12 - Human Nutrition
63. Structure and vitamers - vitamin B12
64. Absorption and metabolism of vitamin B12
65. Vitamin B12 deficiency: pernicious anemia
66. Vitamin B12 requirements
67. Assessment of vitamin B12 status
68. Folic acid - Human Nutrition
69. Vitamers and dietary equivalence - Folic acid
70. Absorption and metabolism of folate
71. Metabolic functions of folate
72. Folate deficiency: megaloblastic anemia
73. Folate requirements
74. Assessment of folate status
75. Drug-nutrient interactions of folate
76. Folate toxicity
77. Biotin - Human Nutrition
78. Absorption and metabolism of biotin
79. Metabolic functions of biotin
80. Biotin deficiency and requirements
81. Pantothenic acid - Human Nutrition
82. Absorption, metabolism, and metabolic functions of pantothenic acid
83. Pantothenic acid deficiency and safe and adequate levels of intake
84. Non-nutritional uses of pantothenic acid
85. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) - Human Nutrition
86. Absorption and metabolism of vitamin C
87. Metabolic functions of vitamin C
88. Vitamin C deficiency: scurvy
89. Vitamin C requirements
90. Assessment of vitamin C status
91. Possible benefits of high intakes of vitamin C
92. Toxicity of vitamin C
Minerals and Trace Elements
1. Minerals and Trace Elements
2. Calcium: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic function, essentiality, Deficiency symptoms
3. Calcium: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources, Micronutrient interactions
4. Magnesium: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic function, essentiality, Deficiency symptoms
5. Magnesium: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources, Micronutrient interactions
6. Phosphorus: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic function, essentiality, Deficiency symptoms
7. Phosphorus: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources, Micronutrient interactions
8. Sodium and chloride: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic function, essentiality, Deficiency symptoms
9. Sodium and chloride: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources, Micronutrient interactions
10. Potassium: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic function, essentiality, Deficiency symptoms
11. Potassium: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources, Micronutrient interactions
12. Iron: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic function, essentiality, Deficiency symptoms
13. Iron: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources, Micronutrient interactions
14. Zinc: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic function, essentiality, Deficiency symptoms
15. Zinc: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources, Micronutrient interactions
16. Copper: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic function, essentiality, Deficiency symptoms
17. Copper: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources, Micronutrient interactions
18. Selenium: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic function, essentiality, Deficiency symptoms
19. Selenium: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources, Micronutrient interactions
20. Iodine: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic function, essentiality, Deficiency symptoms
21. Iodine: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources, Micronutrient interactions
22. Manganese: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic function, essentiality, Deficiency symptoms
23. Manganese: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources, Micronutrient interactions
24. Molybdenum: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic function, essentiality, Deficiency symptoms
25. Molybdenum: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources, Micronutrient interactions
26. Fluoride: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic function, essentiality, Deficiency symptoms
27. Fluoride: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources, Micronutrient interactions
28. Chromium: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic function, essentiality, Deficiency symptoms
29. Chromium: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources, Micronutrient interactions
Measuring Food Intake
1. Measuring Food Intake
2. Indirect measurement of food intake
3. Household-based surveys
4. Direct measures of food intake
5. Methods for measuring intake on specified days
6. Methods for measuring intake over the longer term
7. Sources of error in dietary studies
8. Choosing a dietary assessment method
9. Repeatability and Validity of dietary methods
10. Biological measures to validate energy and nutrient intake
11. Evaluation of food intake data
12. Assessment of dietary adequacy
13. Assessing food intake
14. Food safety assessments
Food Composition
1. Food Composition
2. Foods - Food Composition
3. Nutrients, nonnutrients and energy
4. Information required on sources of data in tables
5. Overcoming the inadequacies of food composition tables
6. Nutrient losses and gains during food processing and preparation
7. Bioavailability and glycemic index
8. How to calculate a recipe not included in the database
9. Description of food composition tables and databases and how to retrieve data
10. Converting foods to nutrients
Food and Nutrition
1. Reference points in human nutrition
2. Exploration of dietary patterns
3. Options to change food and nutrient intakes
4. Global players in food and nutrition regulation
5. FAO/WHO and Codex Alimentarius
6. WTO: Sanitary and phytosanitary measures and technical barriers to trade
7. European Food Safety Authority
8. EU nutrition and public health
Nutrition Research Methodology
1. Nutrition Research Methodology
2. Statistical analysis and experimental design - Nutrition Research Methodology
3. In vitro studies - Nutrition Research Methodology
4. Animal models in nutrition research - Nutrition Research Methodology
5. Human studies - Nutrition Research Methodology
6. Epidemiological designs - Nutrition Research Methodology
Food Safety
1. Factors contributing to food safety concerns
2. Food-borne bacteria
3. Food-borne viruses
4. Food-borne parasites
5. Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies and food
6. Chemicals affecting food safety
7. Food safety control programs
Food and Nutrition Related Diseases
1. Food and Nutrition-Related Diseases: The Global Challenge
2. Nutrition-related diseases in developed countries
3. Nutrition-related diseases in developing countries
4. HIV/AIDS - Food and Nutrition Related Diseases
5. Global challenge to address malnutrition
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