Human Neuroanatomy(Fundamental and Clinical)
Introduction to Neuroanatomy
1. Introduction to Neuroanatomy
2. What is Neuroanatomy?
3. Divisions of the Nervous System
4. Tissues constituting the nervous system
5. How the Nervous system can be affected by disease
6. Neuron Structure
7. Elementary Structure of a Typical Neuron
8. Grey and White Matter
9. Variability in Neuron Structure
10. Role of axoplasmic transport in spread of disease
11. Some features of dendrites
12. Sex chromatin in neurons
13. The Synapse - Human Neuroanatomy
14. Neurotransmitters
15. Classification of Synapses
16. Peripheral Nerves
17. Basic Structure of Peripheral Nerve Fibres
18. Classification of Fibres in Peripheral Nerves according to Diameter and Velocity of Conduction
19. Incisures of Schmidt Lanterman
20. Nodes of Ranvier
21. Some facts about myelination
22. Degeneration and Regeneration of Neurons
23. Neuroglia
24. Astrocytes
25. Oligodendrocytes
26. Microglia
27. Functions of Neuroglia
28. Tumours of Nervous Tissue
29. A Brief Review of Techniques used in the Study of Neuroanatomy
30. Early Development of Nervous system
31. Faulty formation of neural tube
32. Formation of neurons and neuroglial cells
33. Neural Crest
The Spinal Cord Gross Anatomy and Some features of Internal Structure
1. The Spinal Cord : Gross Anatomy and Some features of Internal Structure
2. Spinal Nerves & Spinal Segments
3. Segmental Innervation: Dermatomes
4. Segmental Innervation of Muscles
Basic Neuronal Arrangements
1. Classification of neurons and of nerve fibres in peripheral nerves according to function
2. Somatic Efferent Neurons
3. Special Visceral Efferent Neurons (Branchiomotor Neurons)
4. General Visceral Efferent Neurons
5. Afferent Neurons
6. Arrangement of Neurons within the Central Nervous System
7. Projection, Association and Commissural Fibres
Sensory Receptors and Neuromuscular Junctions
1. Sensory Receptors
2. Exteroceptive Receptors
3. Proprioceptive Receptors
4. Neuromuscular Junctions
5. Structure of a Typical Motor End Plate
6. Some Facts about Muscle Action
7. Myasthenia Gravis
Internal Structure of the Spinal Cord
1. Internal Structure of the Spinal Cord
2. Grey Matter of the Spinal Cord
3. Subdivisions of Grey Matter
4. Significance of Neurons in Grey Matter of Spinal Cord
5. Spinal Reflexes
6. Myotatic or Stretch Reflexes
7. Superficial Reflexes
8. Development of the Spinal Cord
9. Preliminary Review of the Brainstem
10. The Medulla: gross anatomy
11. The Pons: gross anatomy
12. The Midbrain: gross anatomy
Preliminary Review of the Brainstem
1. Preliminary Review of the Internal Structure of the Brainstem
2. Subdivisions of Neural Tube
Gross Anatomy of the Cerebellum
1. Subdivisions of the Cerebellum - Gross Anatomy of the Cerebellum
2. Grey matter of the cerebellum - Gross Anatomy of the Cerebellum
3. White matter of the cerebellum - Gross Anatomy of the Cerebellum
4. Cerebellar Peduncles - Gross Anatomy of the Cerebellum
5. Development of the Cerebellum
Gross Anatomy of the Cerebral Hemispheres
1. Exterior of the Cerebral Hemispheres - Gross Anatomy of The Cerebral Hemispheres
2. Inferior Surface of Cerebrum - Gross Anatomy of The Cerebral Hemispheres
3. An Introduction to Some Structures within the Cerebral Hemispheres
4. Development of the Cerebral Hemisphere
5. Important Functional Areas of the Cerebral Cortex
6. White Matter of Cerebral Hemispheres
7. Anomalies of the Brain and the Spinal Cord
Tracts of Spinal Cord and Brainstem
1. Tracts of Spinal Cord and Brainstem
2. Descending Tracts ending in the Spinal Cord
3. Descending Tracts ending in the Brainstem
4. Disorders of Motor Function
5. Ascending Tracts
6. Pathways connecting the spinal cord to the cerebral cortex
7. Ascending pathways ending in the brainstem
8. Sensory Disorders - Tracts of Spinal Cord and Brainstem
9. Spinocerebellar Pathways - Tracts of Spinal Cord and Brainstem
10. Disorders of Equilibrium - Tracts of Spinal Cord and Brainstem
11. Involvement of Spinal Cord in Disease
Cranial Nerve Nuclei
1. Cranial Nerve Nuclei
2. Somatic Efferent Nuclei - Cranial Nerve Nuclei
3. Special Visceral Efferent Nuclei - Cranial Nerve Nuclei
4. General Visceral Efferent Nuclei - Cranial Nerve Nuclei
5. General and Special Visceral Afferent Nuclei - Cranial Nerve Nuclei
6. General and Special Somatic Afferent Nuclei - Cranial Nerve Nuclei
7. Other Connections of Cranial Nerve Nuclei
8. Pathway of Hearing & Connections of Cochlear Nuclei
9. Connections of Vestibular Nuclei
10. Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus
11. Functional Components of Individual Cranial Nerves
12. Olfactory nerve and Optic nerve - Damage to Cranial Nerves and Testing
13. Oculomotor, Trochlear and Abducent Nerves - Damage to Cranial Nerves and Testing
14. Trigeminal nerve - Damage to Cranial Nerves and Testing
15. Facial nerve - Damage to Cranial Nerves and Testing
16. Vestibulocochlear nerve - Damage to Cranial Nerves and Testing
17. Glossopharyngeal nerve - Damage to Cranial Nerves and Testing
18. Vagus nerve (and cranial part of accessory) - Damage to Cranial Nerves and Testing
19. Accessory nerve (spinal part) - Damage to Cranial Nerves and Testing
20. Hypoglossal nerve - Damage to Cranial Nerves and Testing
Internal Structure of Brainstem
1. Medulla - Internal Structure of Brainstem
2. Pons - Internal Structure of Brainstem
3. The Midbrain - Internal Structure of Brainstem
4. Reticular Formation of the Brainstem - Internal Structure of Brainstem
5. Control of Eye Movements - Internal Structure of Brainstem
6. Development of the Medulla Oblongata
7. Development of Pons
8. Development of the Midbrain
Internal Structure of Cerebellum
1. Basic Structure of the Cerebellar Cortex
2. Main Connections of the Cerebellum
3. Connections between Cerebellum and Spinal Cord
4. Connections between Cerebellum and Cerebral Cortex
5. Functions of the Cerebellum
6. Few Details about the Cerebellar Cortex
7. Few Details of Cerebellar Connections
8. Connections of Cerebellar Nuclei: Afferents and Efferents
9. Disorders of Equilibrium - Cerebellum
The Diencephalon
1. The Thalamus (Dorsal Thalamus) - The Diencephalon
2. Internal Structure of the Thalamus
3. Connections of the Thalamus
4. Connections of Ventral Group of nuclei - Thalamus (Dorsal Thalamus)
5. Medial & Lateral Geniculate Bodies - Thalamus (Dorsal Thalamus)
6. The Hypothalamus - The Diencephalon
7. Subdivisions of the Hypothalamus
8. Hypothalamic nuclei
9. Connections of the Hypothalamus
10. Control of hypophysis cerebri by the hypothalamus
11. Functions of the Hypothalamus
12. Epithalamus - The Diencephalon
13. Ventral Thalamus - The Diencephalon
14. Subthalamic Nucleus
15. Development of the Diencephalon
The Basal Nuclei
1. The Basal Nuclei
2. Caudate Nucleus
3. The Lentiform Nucleus
4. Connections of the Basal Nuclei
5. Ventral striatum and pallidum
6. Abnormal Movements - The Basal Nuclei
7. Development of the Corpus Striatum
Further Consideration of the Cerebral Cortex
1. Structure of the Cerebral Cortex
2. Neurons in the Cerebral Cortex
3. Laminae of Cerebral Cortex
4. Further Consideration of Functional Areas of the Cerebral Cortex
5. Motor and Premotor Areas of the Cerebral Cortex
6. Sensory Areas of the Cerebral Cortex
7. Visual Areas of the Cerebral Cortex
8. Auditory (acoustic) Areas of the Cerebral Cortex
9. Prefrontal Areas of the Cerebral Cortex
10. Disorders of Memory and Behaviour
11. Some Features of Cortical Connections
The Olfactory and Limbic Regions
1. The Olfactory Region
2. The Olfactory Pathway
3. The Limbic Region
4. Connections of the Amygdaloid Nuclei
5. Septal Region
6. Hippocampal Formation
7. Fibre bundles of limbic region
Internal Capsule and Commissures of the Brain
1. The Internal Capsule of the Brain
2. Commissures of the Brain
The Visual Pathway
1. The Visual Pathway of the Brain
2. The Retina - Visual Pathway of the Brain
3. The Visual Field and Retinal Quadrants
4. Optic Nerve, Optic Chiasma & Optic Tract
5. The Lateral Geniculate Body
6. Geniculocalcarine Tract and Visual Cortex
7. Reflexes related to the Eyeball: Pupillary and Corneal Reflex
Autonomic Nervous System
1. Autonomic Nervous System
2. The Sympathetic Trunks - Autonomic Nervous System
3. Autonomic Plexuses - Autonomic Nervous System
4. Preganglionic and Postganglionic Neurons
5. Some Further Details of Autonomic Neurons
6. Afferent autonomic pathways
7. Some Further Comments on Autonomic Afferents
8. Autonomic Nerve Supply of some Important Organs
9. Some Recent Developments about the Autonomic Nervous System
Ventricles of the Brain
1. Ventricles of the Brain
2. The Lateral Ventricles - Ventricles of the Brain
3. The Third Ventricle - Ventricles of the Brain
4. The Fourth Ventricle - Ventricles of the Brain
5. The Cerebrospinal Fluid - Ventricles of the Brain
Blood Supply of Central Nervous System
1. Blood Supply of the Spinal Cord - Blood Supply of Central Nervous System
2. Arteries Supplying the Brain - Blood Supply of Central Nervous System
3. Arterial Supply of the Cerebral Cortex - Blood Supply of Central Nervous System
4. Arteries Supplying the Interior of the Cerebral Hemisphere - Blood Supply of Central Nervous System
5. Arterial Supply of the Brainstem - Blood Supply of Central Nervous System
6. Venous Drainage of the Brain - Blood Supply of Central Nervous System
7. Blood-Brain Barrier
8. Control of Cerebral Blood Flow
Some Investigative Procedures
1. Some Investigative Procedures - Human Neuroanatomy
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