Anatomy and Physiology Health Education (APHE) - Pharmacy Department
SECTION I: LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
Chapter 1: Introduction to Human Anatomy and Physiology
1. Introduction to Human Anatomy and Physiology
2. Organization Levels of the Body
3. Essentials for Life - Anatomy and Physiology for Health Professionals
4. Homeostasis - Anatomy and Physiology for Health Professionals
5. Organization of the Body
6. Summary - Introduction to Human Anatomy and Physiology | APHP
Chapter 2: Chemical Basics of Life
1. Chemical Basics of Life - Anatomy and Physiology for Health Professionals (APHP)
2. Basic Chemistry - Chemical Basics of Life
3. Atoms, Molecules, and Chemical Bonds
4. Atomic Structure
5. Molecules and Compounds
6. Chemical Bonds
7. Chemical Reactions
8. Acids, Bases, and the pH Scale
9. Biochemistry
10. Inorganic Substances
11. Organic Substances
12. Proteins
13. Nucleic Acids
14. Enzymes and Enzyme Characteristics
15. Adenosine Triphosphate
16. Summary - Chemical Basics of Life
Chapter 3: Cells
1. Cells
2. Cell Membrane - Structure of the Cell
3. Membrane Lipids and Membrane Proteins - Structure of the Cell
4. Cytoplasm (Cytosol, Organelles) Structure - Structure of the Cell
5. Structure of Endomembrane System and Cytoskeleton - Cell Membrane | Structure of the Cell
6. Structure of Nucleus - Structure of the Cell
7. Passive Cell Mechanisms - Movements Through Cell Membranes
8. Active Cell Mechanisms - Movements Through Cell Membranes
9. Cell Cycle
10. Cell Cycle: Interphase
11. Cell Cycle: Cell Division and Cytoplasmic Division
12. Cell Cycle: Differentiation
13. Cell Cycle: Cell Division and Cancer
14. Summary - Levels of Organization : Cells
Chapter 4: Cellular Metabolism
1. Cellular Metabolism
2. Metabolic Reactions - Cellular Metabolism
3. Control of Metabolic Reactions - Cellular Metabolism
4. Oxidation Reduction Reactions - Cellular Metabolism
5. Chemical Energy - Cellular Metabolism
6. Cellular Respiration and Metabolism of Carbohydrates - Cellular Metabolism
7. Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle) - Cellular Metabolism
8. Metabolic Pathways - Cellular Metabolism
9. Glycogenesis - Cellular Metabolism
10. Glycogenolysis - Cellular Metabolism
11. Gluconeogenesis - Cellular Metabolism
12. Metabolism of Lipids - Cellular Metabolism
13. Metabolism of Proteins - Cellular Metabolism
14. Summary - Cellular Metabolism
Chapter 5: Tissues
1. Tissues
2. Types of Tissues
3. Epithelial Tissues - Types, Functions, characteristics, Shape, Structure, Epithelia, Epithelium
4. Connective Tissues - Functions, Types, Characteristics, Components, Connective Tissue Cells, Fibers
5. Classifications of Connective Tissue
6. Muscle Tissues - Types, Functions, characteristics, Shape, Structure
7. Nervous or Neural Tissues
8. Tissue Membranes - Epithelial membranes, Types
9. Tissue Repair
10. Effects of Aging on Various Tissues
11. Summary on Tissues
SECTION II: SUPPORT AND MOVEMENT
Chapter 6: Integumentary System
1. Integumentary System - Anatomy and Physiology
2. Skin - General functions, Structure, Anatomy, Epidermis Layers, Cells
3. Dermis - Skin
4. Nails - Structure, Anatomy, Functions
5. Hairs - Structure, Anatomy, Functions
6. Glands in the Skin - Sebaceous and Sweat Glands | Structure, Anatomy, Functions
7. Functions of the Integumentary System
8. Response of the Integument to Injuries and Wounds
9. Effects of Aging on the Integumentary System
10. Skin Cancer
11. Burns - Classification
12. Summary - Integumentary System
Chapter 7: Bone Tissues and the Skeletal System
1. Bone Tissues and the Skeletal System
2. Classifications of Bones
3. Structures of Bones
4. Microscopic Anatomy (Bone Cells) - Structures of Bones
5. Chemical Composition of Bone - Structures of Bones
6. Growth and Development of Bones
7. Functions of Bones
8. Bone Homeostasis
9. Bone Homeostatic Imbalance
10. Axial Skeleton - Skeletal Organization
11. Pectoral Girdle - Appendicular Skeleton - Skeletal Organization
12. Pelvic Girdle - Appendicular Skeleton - Skeletal Organization
13. Effects of Aging on the Skeletal System
14. Summary - Bone Tissues and the Skeletal System
Chapter 8: Articulations
1. Articulations - Anatomy and Physiology
2. Functional Classifications of Joints - Articulations
3. Fibrous Joints
4. Cartilaginous Joints
5. Synovial Joints
6. Bursae and Tendon Sheaths - Articulations | Joints
7. Types of Synovial Joints
8. Shoulder Joints
9. Elbow Joints
10. Hip Joints
11. Knee Joints
12. Temporomandibular Joints (TMJ)
13. Types of Joint Movements
14. Intervertebral Joints
15. Intervertebral Ligaments
16. Joint Injuries
17. Effects of Aging on the Joints
18. Summary - Articulations
Chapter 9: Muscle Tissue
1. Muscle Tissue
2. Classification of Muscle Tissues
3. Characteristics of Muscle Tissue
4. Functions of the Muscles
5. Coverings of Connective Tissue
6. Blood Supply and Nerve Attachments
7. Structure of Skeletal Muscle Fibers
8. Contraction Stimulus
9. Neuromuscular Junction - Muscle Tissue
10. Action Potential - Muscle Tissue
11. Sarcoplasmic Reticulum and Transverse Tubules - Muscle Tissue
12. Somatic Motor Neurons - Muscle Tissue
13. Motor Units - Muscle Tissue
14. Muscle Twitch
15. Energy Sources for Contraction - Muscle Tissue
16. Smooth Muscle - Muscle Tissue
17. Effects of Aging on Muscle Tissue
18. Summary on Muscle Tissue
Chapter 10: Muscular System
1. Muscular System - Anatomy and Physiology
2. Classification of the Muscle Fibers - Muscular System
3. Types of Fibers - Muscular System
4. Lever Systems - Muscular System
5. Effects of Aging on the Muscular System
6. Summary - Muscular System
SECTION III: Control and Coordination
Chapter 11: Neural Tissue
1. Neural Tissue - Anatomy and Physiology
2. Divisions of the Nervous System
3. Cells of the Nervous System - Neuroglia, Neurons
4. Classification of Nerve Fibers
5. Cell Membrane Potential
6. Nerve Impulses
7. Synapses - Synaptic Fatigue, Activity, Neurotransmitter Functional, Chemical Classifications
8. Processing of Impulses
9. Effects of Aging on the Nervous System
10. Summary - Neural Tissue
Chapter 12: Central Nervous System
1. Central Nervous System - Anatomy and Physiology
2. The Brain - Structure, Function
3. Higher Brain Functions
4. Brain Protection
5. Spinal Cord - Central Nervous System
6. Spinal Neuronal Pathways - Central Nervous System
7. Imbalances of the CNS - Central Nervous System
8. Effects of Aging on the Brain
9. Summary - Central Nervous System
Chapter 13: Peripheral Nervous System and Reflex Activity
1. Peripheral Nervous System and Reflex Activity
2. Sensory Receptors - Types and Classification by Receptor Structure
3. General Senses
4. Peripheral Nerves:Cranial, Spinal Nerves - Structure and Function
5. Cranial Nerves - Structure and Function
6. Spinal Nerves - Structure and Function
7. Peripheral Motor Endings - Peripheral Nervous System
8. Somatic Nervous System - Peripheral Nervous System
9. Imbalances of the PNS (Peripheral Nervous System)
10. Effects of Aging on the PNS (Peripheral Nervous System)
11. Summary - Peripheral Nervous System and Reflex Activity
Chapter 14: Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
1. Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
2. Comparison of the Somatic Nervous System and Autonomic Nervous System - SNS Vs ANS
3. Major ANS(Autonomic Nervous System) Neurotransmitters
4. Autonomic Nerve Fibers - Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
5. Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
6. Differences Between the Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Divisions - Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
7. Cholinergic Receptors - Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
8. Adrenergic Receptors - Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
9. Control of Autonomic Activity - Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
10. Somatic and Autonomic Function Overlap - Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
11. Higher Levels of Autonomic Control - Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
12. Imbalances of the ANS (Autonomic Nervous System)
13. Effects of Aging on the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
14. Summary - Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
Chapter 15: Special Senses
1. Special Senses
2. Sense of Smell
3. Sense of Taste
4. Sense of Hearing
5. Sense of Equilibrium
6. Sense of Sight
7. Effects of Aging on the Senses
8. Summary - Special Senses
Chapter 16: Endocrine System
1. Endocrine System - Anatomy and Physiology
2. Hormones - Endocrine System
3. Control of Hormones - Endocrine System
4. Pituitary Gland - Anatomy and Physiology | Endocrine System
5. Thyroid Gland - Anatomy and Physiology | Endocrine System
6. Parathyroid Glands - Anatomy and Physiology | Endocrine System
7. Adrenal Glands - Anatomy and Physiology | Endocrine System
8. Pineal Gland - Anatomy and Physiology | Endocrine System
9. Other Glands, Organs, or Tissues - Anatomy and Physiology | Endocrine System
10. Stress - Endocrine System
11. Effects of Aging on the Endocrine System
12. Summary - Endocrine System
SECTION IV: Transport
Chapter 17: Blood
1. Blood - Anatomy and Physiology
2. Blood Functions
3. Blood Components
4. Plasma - Blood | Anatomy and Physiology
5. Erythrocytes - Function, Stage, Life cycle, Structure | Blood | Anatomy and Physiology
6. Disorders of Erythrocytes - Blood
7. Leukocytes or white blood cells (WBCs) - Five types, Function, Stage | Blood
8. Platelets or thrombocytes - Characteristics, Types, Function, Stage, Description | Blood
9. Hemostasis - Stoppage of bleeding | Blood
10. Blood Types and Transfusions
11. Diagnostic Blood Tests
12. Effects of Aging on the Blood
13. Summary - Blood | Anatomy and Physiology
Chapter 18: The Heart
1. The Heart - Anatomy and Physiology
2. Blood Circulation
3. Structures of the Heart
4. Functions of the Heart
5. Effects of Aging on the Cardiovascular System
6. Summary - The Heart | Cardiovascular System
Chapter 19: Vascular System
1. Vascular System - Anatomy and Physiology
2. Blood Vessel Structure - Vascular System
3. Arterial System - Blood Vessel Structure | Vascular System
4. Capillaries - Types | Blood Vessel Structure | Vascular System
5. Venous System - Characteristics, Types | Blood Vessel Structure | Vascular System
6. Vascular Anastomoses - Blood Vessel Structure | Vascular System
7. Blood Circulation - Vascular System
8. Blood Pressure
9. Neural Controls of Blood Vessels
10. Blood Vessel Pathways and Divisions
11. Aorta and Its Branches - Blood Vessel Pathways and Divisions
12. Veins and Their Branches - Blood Vessel Pathways and Divisions
13. Effects of Aging on the Vascular System
14. Summary - Vascular System
Chapter 20: Lymphatic System and Immunity
1. Lymphatic System and Immunity
2. Organization of the Lymphatic System
3. Body Defenses and Fighting Infection - Lymphatic System and Immunity
4. Innate (Nonspecific) Defenses - Body Defenses and Fighting Infection | Lymphatic System and Immunity
5. Adaptive (Specific) Defenses - Body Defenses and Fighting Infection | Lymphatic System and Immunity
6. B and T Lymphocytes Related to the Adaptive Immune Response - Body Defenses and Fighting Infection | Lymphatic System and Immunity
7. Humoral Immune Response - Body Defenses and Fighting Infection | Lymphatic System and Immunity
8. Antibodies - Structure, Functions and Antibody Targets
9. Cellular Immune Response - Immunity
10. Major Effector T Cells - Immunity
11. Imbalance of Immune System Homeostasis - Immunity
12. Hypersensitivities - Immunity
13. Effects of Aging on the Lymphatic System and Immunity
14. Summary - Lymphatic System and Immunity
SECTION V: Environmental Exchange
Chapter 21: Respiratory System
1. Respiratory System - Anatomy and Physiology
2. Respiratory System Functions
3. Organization of the Respiratory System
4. Nose and Paranasal Sinuses - Structure and Function | Organization of the Respiratory System
5. Pharynx - Structure and Function | Organization of the Respiratory System
6. Larynx - Structure and Function | Organization of the Respiratory System
7. Trachea - Structure and Function | Organization of the Respiratory System
8. Gross Anatomy of the Lungs - Structure and Function | Organization of the Respiratory System
9. The Pleural Cavities and Pleural Membranes - Structure and Function | Organization of the Respiratory System
10. The Respiratory Muscles - Structure and Function | Organization of the Respiratory System
11. Gas Exchange - Respiratory System
12. Control of Breathing - Respiratory System
13. Factors of Respiratory Rate and Depth - Respiratory System
14. Effects of Aging on the Respiratory System
15. Summary - Respiratory System
Chapter 22: Urinary System
1. Urinary System - Anatomy and Physiology
2. Anatomy of the Kidneys
3. Internal Kidney Anatomy
4. Structures of the Nephron - Anatomy and Physiology
5. Formation of Urine - Urinary System
6. Glomerular Filtration - Formation of Urine | Urinary System
7. Tubular Reabsorption - Formation of Urine | Urinary System
8. Tubular Secretion - Formation of Urine | Urinary System
9. Composition of Urine - Urinary System
10. Ureters - Urinary System
11. Urinary Bladder - Urinary System
12. Urethra - Urinary System | Anatomy and Physiology
13. Effects of Aging on the Urinary System
14. Summary - Urinary System
Chapter 23: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid Base Balance
1. Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid Base Balance - Anatomy and Physiology
2. Body Fluid Distribution
3. Fluid Balance - Anatomy and Physiology
4. Fluid Intake and Output - Anatomy and Physiology
5. Electrolyte Balance - Anatomy and Physiology
6. Acid-Base Balance
7. Acid-Base Imbalances
8. Effects of Aging on Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance
9. Summary - Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid Base Balance
Chapter 24: Digestive System
1. Digestive System - Anatomy and Physiology
2. Alimentary Canal - Histology | Digestive System | Anatomy and Physiology
3. Functions of the Digestive System
4. Movement of Digestive Materials
5. Mouth - Structure, Function | Digestive System | Anatomy and Physiology
6. Salivary Glands - Types, Saliva Composition | Digestive System | Anatomy and Physiology
7. Teeth - Structure, Function, Disease | Anatomy and Physiology
8. Esophagus - Digestive System
9. Stomach - Structure, Function | Digestive System | Anatomy and Physiology
10. Small Intestine - Structure, Function | Digestive System | Anatomy and Physiology
11. Liver - Structure, Function | Digestive System | Anatomy and Physiology
12. Gallbladder - Structure, Function | Digestive System | Anatomy and Physiology
13. Pancreas - Structure, Function | Digestive System | Anatomy and Physiology
14. Large Intestine - Structure, Function | Digestive System | Anatomy and Physiology
15. Digestion and Absorption of Nutrients - Digestive System
16. Effects of Aging on the Digestive System
17. Summary - Digestive System
SECTION VI: Continuity of Life
Chapter 25: Reproductive System
1. Reproductive System - Anatomy and Physiology
2. Anatomy of the Male Reproductive System
3. Physiology of the Male Reproductive System
4. Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System
5. Physiology of the Female Reproductive System
6. Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) - Reproductive System
7. Effects of Aging on the Reproductive System
8. Summary - Human Reproductive System
Chapter 26: Pregnancy and Development
1. Pregnancy and Development
2. Fertilization - Pregnancy and Development
3. Prenatal Development - Pregnancy
4. Parturition (Birth) - Pregnancy and Development
5. Postnatal Development: Lactation
6. Summary - Pregnancy and Development | Anatomy and Physiology
Chapter 27: Heredity
1. Heredity - Anatomy and Physiology
2. Genes - Heredity
3. Genetic Variation - Heredity
4. Patterns of Inheritance - Heredity
5. Heredity: Environmental Factors
6. Heredity: Gender-Related Factors
7. Genetic Screening - Heredity
8. Summary - Heredity
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